پێڕستی وەرگرانی خەڵاتی نۆبێل لە فیزیۆلۆژیا یان پزیشکی
ئەم وتارە لەوانەیە پێویستی بە خاوێنکردن ھەبێت تا بگات بە شێوازی ستانداردی نووسین. |
خەڵاتی نۆبێل لە فیزیۆلۆژیا یان پزیشکی (بە ئینگلیزی: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine) یەکێکە لە زنجیرە خەڵاتی نۆبێل کە دەبەخشرێت بە کەسانی شایستە لە بواری پزیشکی یان فیزیۆلۆژیادا بۆ دۆزینەوە و کارەکانیان لەم بوارانەدا.
وەرگرەکان[دەستکاری]
١٩٠١–١٩٥٠[دەستکاری]
ساڵ | وەرگر[A] | وڵات[B] | ھۆکار[C] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
١٩٠١ | Emil Adolf von Behring | ئەڵمانیا | "بەهۆی کارەکانی لەسەر چارەسەری سیرۆم، بەتایبەتی بەکارهێنانی لە دژی نەخۆشی کۆپان، کە بەهۆیەوە ڕێگایەکی نوێی لە بواری زانستی پزیشکیدا کردۆتەوە و بەو هۆیەوە چەکێکی سەرکەوتووی لە دژی نەخۆشی و مردن خستۆتە دەستی پزیشک"[١] | |
١٩٠٢ | Sir Ronald Ross | شانشینی یەکگرتوو | "بۆ کارەکانی لەسەر مالاریا، کە بەهۆیەوە نیشانی داوە کە چۆن دەچێتە ناو زیندەوەران و بەو هۆیەوە بناغەی لێکۆڵینەوەی سەرکەوتووی لەسەر ئەم نەخۆشییە و شێوازەکانی بەرەنگاربوونەوەی داناوە".[٢] | |
١٩٠٣ | Niels Ryberg Finsen | دانمارک (دوورگەکانی فارۆ) |
"[for] his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science"[٣] | |
١٩٠٤ | Ivan Petrovich Pavlov | ڕووسیا | "وەک ڕێزلێنانێک بۆ کارەکانی لەسەر فیزیۆلۆژیای ھەرسکردن، کە لە ڕێگەیەوە زانیاری لەسەر لایەنە ژیانییەکانی بابەتەکە گۆڕاوە و فرەواننتر بووە"[٤] | |
١٩٠٥ | Robert Koch | ئەڵمانیا | "for his investigations and discoveries in relation to دەردەباریکە"[٥] | |
١٩٠٦ | Camillo Golgi | ئیتالیا | "in recognition of their work on the structure of the کۆئەندامی دەمار"[٦] | |
Santiago Ramón y Cajal | ئیسپانیا | |||
١٩٠٧ | Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran | فەڕەنسا | "in recognition of his work on the role played by زیندەوەرە سەرەتاییەکان in causing diseases"[٧] | |
١٩٠٨ | Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov | ڕووسیا | "in recognition of their work on کۆئەندامی بەرگری"[٨] | |
Paul Ehrlich | ئەڵمانیا | |||
١٩٠٩ | Emil Theodor Kocher | سویس | "for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the تیرۆئید"[٩] | |
١٩١٠ | Albrecht Kossel | ئەڵمانیا | "in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on پرۆتینs, including the nucleic substances"[١٠] | |
١٩١١ | Allvar Gullstrand | سوید | "for his work on the dioptrics of the چاوی مرۆڤ"[١١] | |
١٩١٢ | Alexis Carrel | فەڕەنسا | "بۆ کارەکانی لەسەر خوێنبەرەکان دزین و چاندنی خوێنبۆری و ئەندامەکان."[١٢] | |
١٩١٣ | Charles Richet | فەڕەنسا | "[for] his work on anaphylaxis"[١٣] | |
١٩١٤ | Robert Bárány | نەمسا | "for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus"[١٤] | |
١٩١٥ | Not awarded | |||
١٩١٦ | ||||
١٩١٧ | ||||
١٩١٨ | ||||
١٩١٩ | Jules Bordet | بەلجیکا | "for his discoveries relating to کۆئەندامی بەرگری"[١٥] | |
١٩٢٠ | Schack August Steenberg Krogh | دانمارک | "for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism"[١٦] | |
١٩٢١ | Not awarded | |||
١٩٢٢ | Archibald Vivian Hill | United Kingdom | "بۆ دۆزینەوەی پەیوەندیدار بە بەرهەمهێنانی گەرمی لە ماسوولکە"[١٧] | |
Otto Fritz Meyerhof | ئەڵمانیا | "for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of ئۆکسجین and the مێتابۆلیزم of lactic acid in the muscle"[١٧] | ||
١٩٢٣ | Frederick Grant Banting | کەنەدا | "بۆ دۆزینەوەی ئەنسۆلین"[١٨] | |
John James Rickard Macleod | کەنەدا | |||
١٩٢٤ | Willem Einthoven | ھۆلەند | "for the discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram"[١٩] | |
١٩٢٥ | Not awarded | |||
١٩٢٦ | Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger | دانمارک | "for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma"[٢٠] | |
١٩٢٧ | Julius Wagner-Jauregg | نەمسا | "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of مالاریا inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica"[٢١] | |
١٩٢٨ | Charles Jules Henri Nicolle | France | "for his work on typhus"[٢٢] | |
١٩٢٩ | Christiaan Eijkman | The Netherlands | "for his discovery of the antineuritic ڤیتامین"[٢٣] | |
Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins | United Kingdom | "for his discovery of the growth-stimulating ڤیتامینs"[٢٣] | ||
١٩٣٠ | Karl Landsteiner | نەمسا | "for his discovery of human blood groups"[٢٤] | |
١٩٣١ | Otto Heinrich Warburg | Germany | "for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme"[٢٥] | |
١٩٣٢ | Sir Charles Scott Sherrington | United Kingdom | "for their discoveries regarding the functions of دەمارەخانەs"[٢٦] | |
Edgar Douglas Adrian | United Kingdom | |||
١٩٣٣ | Thomas Hunt Morgan | ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا | "for his discoveries concerning the role played by the کرۆمۆسۆم in heredity"[٢٧] | |
١٩٣٤ | George Hoyt Whipple | United States | "for their discoveries concerning جەرگ therapy in cases of anaemia"[٢٨] | |
George Richards Minot | United States | |||
William Parry Murphy | United States | |||
١٩٣٥ | Hans Spemann | Germany | "for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development"[٢٩] | |
١٩٣٦ | Sir Henry Hallett Dale | United Kingdom | "for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses"[٣٠] | |
Otto Loewi | Austria | |||
١٩٣٧ | Albert Szent-Györgyi von Nagyrapolt | مەجارستان | "for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid"[٣١] | |
١٩٣٨ | Corneille Jean François Heymans | Belgium | "for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration"[٣٢] | |
١٩٣٩ | Gerhard Domagk | Germany | "for the discovery of the دژە زیندەیی effects of prontosil"[٣٣] | |
١٩٤٠ | Not awarded | |||
١٩٤١ | ||||
١٩٤٢ | ||||
١٩٤٣ | Carl Peter Henrik Dam | Denmark | "for his discovery of vitamin K"[٣٤] | |
Edward Adelbert Doisy | United States | "for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K"[٣٤] | ||
١٩٤٤ | Joseph Erlanger | United States | "for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres"[٣٥] | |
Herbert Spencer Gasser | United States | |||
١٩٤٥ | Sir Alexander Fleming | United Kingdom | "for the discovery of پێنیسیلین and its curative effect in various infectious diseases"[٣٦] | |
Sir Ernst Boris Chain | United Kingdom | |||
Howard Walter Florey | ئۆسترالیا | |||
١٩٤٦ | پەڕگە:Hermann Joseph Muller.jpg | Hermann Joseph Muller | ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا | "for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of تیشکی ئێکس irradiation"[٣٧] |
١٩٤٧ | Carl Ferdinand Cori | United States | "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen"[٣٨] | |
Gerty Theresa Cori, née Radnitz | United States | |||
Bernardo Alberto Houssay | ئارجەنتین | "for his discovery of the part played by the ھۆرمۆن of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of گلووکۆز"[٣٨] | ||
١٩٤٨ | Paul Hermann Müller | Switzerland | "for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods"[٣٩] | |
١٩٤٩ | Walter Rudolf Hess | Switzerland | "for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs"[٤٠] | |
António Caetano Egas Moniz | پورتوگال | "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy (lobotomy) in certain psychoses"[٤٠] | ||
١٩٥٠ | Philip Showalter Hench | United States | "for their discoveries relating to the ھۆرمۆنs of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects"[٤١] | |
پەڕگە:Edward Calvin Kendall nobel.jpg | Edward Calvin Kendall | United States | ||
Tadeusz Reichstein | Switzerland Poland |
١٩٥١–٢٠٠٠[دەستکاری]
Year | Laureate[A] | Country[B] | Rationale[C] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
١٩٥١ | Max Theiler | ئەفریقای باشوور | "for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it"[٤٢] | |
١٩٥٢ | Selman Abraham Waksman | United States | "for his discovery of سترێپتۆمایسین، the first دژە زیندەیی effective against دەردەباریکە"[٤٣] | |
١٩٥٣ | Sir ھانس ئەدۆڵف کریبس | United Kingdom | "for his discovery of the سوڕی کریبس"[٤٤] | |
Fritz Albert Lipmann | United States | "for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism"[٤٤] | ||
١٩٥٤ | پەڕگە:John Franklin Enders nobel.jpg | John Franklin Enders | United States | "for their discovery of the ability of شەپڵەی منداڵان ڤایرووسes to grow in cultures of various types of tissue"[٤٥] |
Frederick Chapman Robbins | United States | |||
پەڕگە:Thomas Huckle Weller.jpg | Thomas Huckle Weller | United States | ||
١٩٥٥ | Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell | Sweden | "for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes"[٤٦] | |
١٩٥٦ | André Frédéric Cournand | United States | "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the کۆئەندامی سووڕان"[٤٧] | |
Werner Forssmann | ئاڵمانیای ڕۆژاوا | |||
Dickinson W. Richards | United States | |||
١٩٥٧ | Daniel Bovet | ئیتالیا | "for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles"[٤٨] | |
١٩٥٨ | پەڕگە:George Wells Beadle.jpg | George Wells Beadle | United States | "for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events"[٤٩] |
پەڕگە:Edward Lawrie Tatum nobel.jpg | Edward Lawrie Tatum | United States | ||
Joshua Lederberg | United States | "for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of بەکتریا"[٤٩] | ||
١٩٥٩ | Arthur Kornberg | United States | "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ئار ئێن ئەی and دی ئێن ئەی"[٥٠] | |
پەڕگە:Severo Ochoa nobel.jpg | Severo Ochoa | Spain United States | ||
١٩٦٠ | Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet | Australia | "for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance"[٥١] | |
Sir Peter Brian Medawar | Brazil United Kingdom | |||
١٩٦١ | Georg von Békésy | United States | "for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea"[٥٢] | |
١٩٦٢ | Francis Harry Compton Crick | United Kingdom | "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material"[٥٣] | |
James Dewey Watson | United States | |||
Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins | نیوزیلاند United Kingdom | |||
١٩٦٣ | پەڕگە:Eccles lab.jpg | Sir John Carew Eccles | Australia | "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the دەمار cell membrane"[٥٤] |
Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin | United Kingdom | |||
Sir Andrew Fielding Huxley | United Kingdom | |||
١٩٦٤ | Konrad Bloch | United States | "for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the کۆلیستڕۆڵ and ترشەکانی چەوری مێتابۆلیزم"[٥٥] | |
Feodor Lynen | Federal Republic of Germany | |||
١٩٦٥ | François Jacob | France | "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis"[٥٦] | |
André Lwoff | France | |||
Jacques Monod | France | |||
١٩٦٦ | Peyton Rous | United States | "for his discovery of tumour-inducing ڤایرووسes"[٥٧] | |
پەڕگە:Charles Brenton Huggins nobel.jpg | Charles Brenton Huggins | United States | "for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer"[٥٧] | |
١٩٦٧ | Ragnar Granit | Finland/Sweden | "for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the چاوی مرۆڤ"[٥٨] | |
Haldan Keffer Hartline | United States | |||
George Wald | United States | |||
١٩٦٨ | پەڕگە:Robert W. Holley nobel.jpg | Robert W. Holley | United States | "for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis"[٥٩] |
پەڕگە:Har Gobind Khorana nobel.jpg | Har Gobind Khorana | India | ||
Marshall W. Nirenberg | United States | |||
١٩٦٩ | Max Delbrück | United States | "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of ڤایرووسes"[٦٠] | |
Alfred D. Hershey | United States | |||
Salvador E. Luria | Italy United States | |||
١٩٧٠ | Julius Axelrod | United States | "for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation"[٦١] | |
Ulf von Euler | Sweden | |||
Sir Bernard Katz | United Kingdom | |||
١٩٧١ | Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. | United States | "for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of ھۆرمۆنs"[٦٢] | |
١٩٧٢ | Gerald M. Edelman | United States | "for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies"[٦٣] | |
Rodney R. Porter | United Kingdom | |||
١٩٧٣ | پەڕگە:Karl Ritter von Frisch.jpg | Karl von Frisch | Federal Republic of Germany | "for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns"[٦٤] |
Konrad Lorenz | Austria | |||
Nikolaas Tinbergen | United Kingdom | |||
١٩٧٤ | Albert Claude | بەلجیکا | "for their discoveries concerning the ئەندامۆچکە"[٦٥] | |
Christian de Duve | Belgium | |||
George E. Palade | Romania | |||
١٩٧٥ | David Baltimore | United States | "for their discoveries concerning the interaction between ڤایرووسes and the genetic material of the cell"[٦٦] | |
Renato Dulbecco | Italy United States | |||
Howard Martin Temin | United States | |||
١٩٧٦ | Baruch S. Blumberg | United States | "for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases"[٦٧] | |
D. Carleton Gajdusek | United States | |||
١٩٧٧ | Roger Guillemin | United States | "for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the مێشک"[٦٨] | |
Andrew V. Schally | United States | |||
Rosalyn Yalow | United States | "for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones"[٦٨] | ||
١٩٧٨ | Werner Arber | Switzerland | "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics"[٦٩] | |
Daniel Nathans | United States | |||
Hamilton O. Smith | United States | |||
١٩٧٩ | Allan M. Cormack | South Africa | "for the development of computer assisted tomography"[٧٠] | |
Sir Godfrey N. Hounsfield | United Kingdom | |||
١٩٨٠ | Baruj Benacerraf | Venezuela | "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate کۆئەندامی بەرگری"[٧١] | |
Jean Dausset | France | |||
George D. Snell | United States | |||
١٩٨١ | Roger W. Sperry | United States | "for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres"[٧٢] | |
David H. Hubel | United States | "for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system"[٧٢] | ||
Torsten N. Wiesel | Sweden | |||
١٩٨٢ | Sune K. Bergström | Sweden | "for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances"[٧٣] | |
Bengt I. Samuelsson | Sweden | |||
Sir John R. Vane | United Kingdom | |||
١٩٨٣ | Barbara McClintock | United States | "for her discovery of mobile genetic elements"[٧٤] | |
١٩٨٤ | Niels K. Jerne | Denmark | "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the کۆئەندامی بەرگری and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"[٧٥] | |
Georges J.F. Köhler | Federal Republic of Germany | |||
César Milstein | ئارجەنتین United Kingdom | |||
١٩٨٥ | Michael S. Brown | United States | "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of کۆلیستڕۆڵ مێتابۆلیزم"[٧٦] | |
Joseph L. Goldstein | United States | |||
١٩٨٦ | Stanley Cohen | United States | "for their discoveries of growth factors"[٧٧] | |
Rita Levi-Montalcini | Italy United States | |||
١٩٨٧ | Susumu Tonegawa | ژاپۆن | "for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity"[٧٨] | |
١٩٨٨ | Sir James W. Black | United Kingdom | "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"[٧٩] | |
Gertrude B. Elion | United States | |||
George H. Hitchings | United States | |||
١٩٨٩ | J. Michael Bishop | United States | "for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes"[٨٠] | |
Harold E. Varmus | United States | |||
١٩٩٠ | Joseph E. Murray | United States | "for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease"[٨١] | |
E. Donnall Thomas | United States | |||
١٩٩١ | Erwin Neher | Federal Republic of Germany | "for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells"[٨٢] | |
Bert Sakmann | Federal Republic of Germany | |||
١٩٩٢ | Edmond H. Fischer | Switzerland United States |
"for their discoveries concerning reversible پرۆتین phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism"[٨٣] | |
Edwin G. Krebs | United States | |||
١٩٩٣ | Sir Richard J. Roberts | United Kingdom | "for their discoveries of split genes"[٨٤] | |
Phillip A. Sharp | United States | |||
١٩٩٤ | Alfred G. Gilman | United States | "for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells"[٨٥] | |
Martin Rodbell | United States | |||
١٩٩٥ | Edward B. Lewis | United States | "for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development"[٨٦] | |
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard | Federal Republic of Germany | |||
Eric F. Wieschaus | United States | |||
١٩٩٦ | Peter C. Doherty | Australia | "for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence"[٨٧] | |
Rolf M. Zinkernagel | Switzerland | |||
١٩٩٧ | Stanley B. Prusiner | United States | "for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection"[٨٨] | |
١٩٩٨ | Robert F. Furchgott | United States | "for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system"[٨٩] | |
Louis J. Ignarro | United States | |||
Ferid Murad | United States | |||
١٩٩٩ | Günter Blobel | United States | "for the discovery that پرۆتینs have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell"[٩٠] | |
٢٠٠٠ | Arvid Carlsson | Sweden | "for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the کۆئەندامی دەمار"[٩١] | |
Paul Greengard | United States | |||
Eric R. Kandel | United States |
٢٠٠١-ئێستا[دەستکاری]
Year | Laureate[A] | Country[B] | Rationale[C] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
٢٠٠١ | Leland H. Hartwell | United States | "for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle"[٩٢] | ||
Sir Tim Hunt | United Kingdom | ||||
Sir Paul M. Nurse | United Kingdom | ||||
٢٠٠٢ | Sydney Brenner | South Africa | "for their discoveries concerning 'genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'"[٩٣] | ||
H. Robert Horvitz | United States | ||||
Sir John E. Sulston | United Kingdom | ||||
٢٠٠٣ | Paul Lauterbur | United States | "for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging"[٩٤] | ||
Sir Peter Mansfield | United Kingdom | ||||
٢٠٠٤ | Richard Axel | United States | "for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system"[٩٥] | ||
Linda B. Buck | United States | ||||
٢٠٠٥ | Barry J. Marshall | Australia | "for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease"[٩٦] | ||
J. Robin Warren | Australia | ||||
٢٠٠٦ | Andrew Z. Fire | United States | "for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"[٩٧] | ||
Craig C. Mello | United States | ||||
٢٠٠٧ | Mario R. Capecchi | United States | "for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells."[٩٨] | ||
Sir Martin J. Evans | United Kingdom | ||||
Oliver Smithies | United States | ||||
٢٠٠٨ | Harald zur Hausen | Germany | "for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer"[٩٩] | ||
Françoise Barré-Sinoussi | France | "for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus"[٩٩] | |||
Luc Montagnier | France | ||||
٢٠٠٩ | Elizabeth H. Blackburn | United States Australia |
"for the discovery of how کرۆمۆسۆمs are protected by telomeres and the ئەنزیم telomerase"[١٠٠] | ||
Carol W. Greider | United States | ||||
Jack W. Szostak | United States Poland | ||||
٢٠١٠ | Sir Robert G. Edwards | United Kingdom | "for the development of in vitro fertilization"[١٠١] | ||
٢٠١١ | |||||
Bruce A. Beutler | United States | "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity"[١٠٢] | |||
Jules A. Hoffmann | France | ||||
Ralph M. Steinman | Canada United States |
"for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity"[١٠٢] (awarded posthumously)[١٠٣][١٠٤] | |||
٢٠١٢ | Sir John B. Gurdon | United Kingdom | "for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent"[١٠٥] | ||
Shinya Yamanaka | Japan | ||||
٢٠١٣ | James E. Rothman | United States | "for their discoveries of machinery regulating ڤێزیکل traffic, a major transport system in our خانە"[١٠٦] | ||
Randy W. Schekman | United States | ||||
Thomas C. Südhof | United States | ||||
٢٠١٤ | John O'Keefe | ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکان شانشینی یەکگرتوو |
"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain" | [١٠٧] | |
May-Britt Moser | نەرویژ | ||||
Edvard I. Moser | نەرویژ | ||||
٢٠١٥ | William C. Campbell | ئیرلەند ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکان |
"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites" | [١٠٨] | |
Satoshi Ōmura | ژاپۆن | ||||
Tu Youyou | چین | "for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against malaria" | [١٠٨] | ||
٢٠١٦ | Yoshinori Ohsumi | ژاپۆن | "for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy" | [١٠٩] | |
٢٠١٧ | Jeffrey C. Hall | ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکان | "for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm" | [١١٠] | |
Michael Rosbash | ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکان | ||||
Michael W. Young | ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکان | ||||
٢٠١٨ | James P. Allison | ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکان | "for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation" | [١١١] | |
Tasuku Honjo | ژاپۆن | ||||
٢٠١٩ | William Kaelin Jr. | ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکان | "for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability" | [١١٢] | |
Peter J. Ratcliffe | شانشینی یەکگرتوو | ||||
Gregg L. Semenza | ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکان | ||||
٢٠٢٠ | Harvey J. Alter | ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکان | "for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus" | [١١٣] | |
Michael Houghton | شانشینی یەکگرتوو | ||||
Charles M. Rice | ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکان |
|}
سەرچاوەکان[دەستکاری]
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1902". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1903". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1905". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1907". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1909". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1910". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1911". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1912". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1913". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1914". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1919". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1920". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ ئ ا "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1923". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1924". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1926". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1928". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ ئ ا "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1929". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1931". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1932". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1933". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1935". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1937". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1938". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1939". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ ئ ا "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1943". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1946". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ ئ ا "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1948". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ ئ ا "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1951". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1952". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ ئ ا "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1955". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1957". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ ئ ا "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1961". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1964". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ ئ ا "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1971". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1972". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ ئ ا "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ ئ ا "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1983". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1987". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1989". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1990". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1993". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1996". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1997". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1999". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-10-08.
- ^ ئ ا "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2010-10-04.
- ^ ئ ا "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2011-10-03.
- ^ "Ralph Steinman Remains Nobel Laureate". The Nobel Foundation. 3 October 2011. Retrieved 6 October 2013.
- ^ Sample, Ian (٢٠١١-١٠-٠٣). "Nobel prize to be awarded to dead scientist". The Guardian. London. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
The Nobel foundation concluded that the award should stand, saying: "The Nobel prize to Ralph Steinman was made in good faith, based on the assumption that the Nobel laureate was alive."
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2012-10-08.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2013-10-07.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2013.
- ^ ئ ا "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 5 October 2015. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2016". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 3
October 2016.
{{cite web}}
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at position 42 (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2 October 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2018". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2019". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2019-10-07.
{{cite web}}
: line feed character in|title=
at position 16 (help) - ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
کۆمنزی ویکیمیدیا، میدیای پەیوەندیدار بە پێڕستی وەرگرانی خەڵاتی نۆبێل لە فیزیۆلۆژیا یان پزیشکی تێدایە. |