نەتەوەی بێدەوڵەت: جیاوازیی نێوان پێداچوونەوەکان

لە ئینسایکڵۆپیدیای ئازادی ویکیپیدیاوە
گەڕان بە مێژوودا
→ گۆڕانکاریی کۆنترگۆڕانکاریی نوێتر ←
ناوەڕۆکی سڕاو ناوەڕۆکی زیادکراو
دیداریویکیدەق
تاگەکان: nowiki زیاد کرا بەکارھێنانی نووسەی ناستاندارد دەستکاریی دیداری
زیادکردنی خشتەیەک (بەپێی داواکاری)
ھێڵی ٢٩: ھێڵی ٢٩:


لە درێژەی ڕووخان و دابەشبوونی [[یەکێتیی سۆڤیەت|یەکێتی سۆڤیەت]] و ڕووخان و دابەشبوونی یۆگۆسلاڤیا چەندین گرووپی ئەتنیکی وڵاتی سەربەخۆی خۆیانیان پێکهێنا.
لە درێژەی ڕووخان و دابەشبوونی [[یەکێتیی سۆڤیەت|یەکێتی سۆڤیەت]] و ڕووخان و دابەشبوونی یۆگۆسلاڤیا چەندین گرووپی ئەتنیکی وڵاتی سەربەخۆی خۆیانیان پێکهێنا.

==Claims of stateless nations and ethnic groups with autonomous status==
{{Original research section|date=October 2020}}
{{POV section|date=July 2020}}
{{incomplete list|date=January 2017}}

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The following is a list of ethnic and national groups where there exist notable [[Independence movement|independence movements]] as evidenced by standalone Wikipedia articles.

States made bold under the "homeland" column are countries of the respective ethnic groups which are native to them and still host the majority (more than half) of their population.

{| class="sortable wikitable"
! People
! Flag
! Languages
!Language family{{Efn|Can also help with understanding the cultural/ethnic proximity with other people of that paternal language group, but not necessarily. The largest language family is not recommended, as a large number of cells would contain similar content.}}
! Predominant religion
! data-sort-type="number" |Population
! Continent
! States
! Homeland{{Efn|Proposed or historical homeland desired.}}
! Irredentist movement
! Notes

|-
|| [[Kurds]]<ref name="Political Geography">{{Citation|last1=Quam|first1=Joel|title=Political Geography|date=2020-08-31|url=https://cod.pressbooks.pub/westernworlddailyreadingsgeography/chapter/political-geography/|work=The Western World: Daily Readings on Geography|publisher=College of DuPage Digital Press|language=en|access-date=2021-08-10|last2=Campbell|first2=Scott}}</ref>|| [[File:Flag of Kurdistan.svg|50px|border|center]]|| [[Kurdish languages]], {{Small|(originally)}} [[Arabic]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Persian language|Persian]] {{Small|(assimilation)}}
|[[Iranian languages]]|| [[Islam]] ([[Sunni Islam|Sunni]], [[Shia Islam|Shia]], [[Alevism|Alevi]]), [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Yarsanism]], [[Yazdânism]]|| 30,000,000–45,000,000<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kurd {{!}} History, Culture, & Language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kurd|access-date=2021-07-21|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Road fatalities|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/862382573233|access-date=2021-10-12|website=dx.doi.org|doi=10.1787/862382573233}}</ref>|| Asia || [[Turkey]], [[Iran]], [[Iraq]], [[Syria]] (homeland), [[Germany]] (largest diaspora) || [[Kurdistan]]|| [[Kurdish nationalism]], [[Kurdish–Turkish conflict]], [[Kurdish-Iranian conflict]], [[Iraqi–Kurdish conflict]], and [[Kurdish–Syrian conflict]], [[2017 Kurdistan Region independence referendum]] || Regional autonomy achieved in [[Iraqi Kurdistan]] and [[Rojava]].<ref>{{Citation|last1=Kirişci|first1=Kemal|title=The Kurdish Question and Turkey: An Example of a Trans-state Ethnic Conflict|year=1997|publisher=Rootledge|last2=Winrow|first2=Gareth|author-link=Kemal Kirişci}}</ref> Data rough due to [[Race and ethnicity in censuses|censuses not taking ethnicity]] in homeland countries.
|-
| [[Yoruba people]]<ref name="Political Geography" />|| [[File:Oduduwa flag.jpg|50px|border|center]]|| [[Yoruba language]]
|[[Volta–Congo languages|Volta-Congo languages]]|| [[Christianity]], [[Islam]], [[Yoruba religion]]|| 35,000,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Benue-Congo-languages|title=Benue-Congo languages|website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref><ref>John A. Shoup III, ''Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia'' 2011 p.237</ref>|| Africa || [[Nigeria]], [[Benin]] and [[Togo]], [[Ghana]]|| [[Yorubaland]]|| [[Oodua Peoples Congress]]||
|-
|[[Oromo people]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Gow, G.)) | journal=International Journal of Cultural Studies | title=Translocations of Affirmation: Mediascapes and Cultural Flows among the Stateless Oromo | volume=7 | issue=3 | pages=301–319 | publisher=SAGE Publications Ltd | date=1 September 2004 | issn=1367-8779 | doi=10.1177/1367877904046304| s2cid=145547845 }}
</ref> || [[File:Flag of the Oromo Liberation Front.svg|50px|border|center]]|| [[Oromo language|Oromo]]
|[[Cushitic languages]]|| [[Christian]], [[Muslim]], [[Waaqeffanna]] || 35,000,000 || Africa|| [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]] || [[Oromia]] || [[Oromo conflict]]||
|-
|[[Igbo people]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2021|reason=The list is described as a list of nations that "have been described" as stateless nations. A lack of sources means original research.}}|| [[File:Flag of Biafra.svg|50px|border|center]]|| [[Igbo language|Igbo]], [[English language|English]]
|[[Volta–Congo languages|Volta-Congo languages]]|| [[Christianity]] (primarily [[Roman Catholicism]] with significant [[Protestant]] minorities), Indigenous beliefs || 30,000,000<ref>James Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World'' 2016 p.178</ref>|| Africa || [[Nigeria]] (almost exclusively) || [[Igboland]]|| [[Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra]], [[Indigenous People of Biafra]]|| Attempted secession from [[Nigeria]] in 1967 sparked the [[Nigerian Civil war]]
|-
|[[Occitan people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Occitania (with star).svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Occitan language|Occitan]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
|[[Romance languages]]||[[Roman Catholicism]] || 16,000,000 || Europe || [[France]], [[Monaco]], [[Italy]] and [[Spain]] ([[Val d'Aran]]) ||[[Occitania]] || [[Occitan nationalism]] ([[Occitan Party]], [[Partit de la Nacion Occitana]], [[Libertat]]) || Seek self-determination, greater autonomy or total secession from [[France]].
|-
|[[Assamese people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag_of_United_Liberation_Front_of_Asom.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Assamese language]] || [[Indo-Aryan languages]] || [[Hinduism]] || 15,000,000<ref name="nationalencyklopedin">Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in ''[[Nationalencyklopedin]]''</ref>|| Asia || [[India]] || [[Assam]] || [[Assam separatist movements]], [[United Liberation Front of Assam|ULFA]] [[Insurgency in Northeast India]] || Seeks greater regional autonomy for natives of [[Assam]] or total secession from [[India]].<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/ulfa.htm The United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA)], the vanguard of national liberation struggle in Assam, was formed on 7th April 1979 to bear the historic responsibility of spearheading the armed democratic struggle with the ultimate aim of establishing an independent socialist sovereign Assam.</ref>
|-
|[[Uyghur people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Kokbayraq flag.svg|50px|border|center]] ||[[Uyghur language]]
|[[Turkic languages]]|| [[Islam|Sunni Islam]] || 15,000,000<ref name="www.uyghuramerican.org">{{Cite web|url=https://uyghuramerican.org/about-uyghurs|title=About Uyghurs &#124; Uyghur American Association|website=uyghuramerican.org}}</ref> || Asia || [[China]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Uzbekistan]] || [[East Turkestan]] (Uyghuristan) || Irredentism is politically fragmented ([[East Turkestan Liberation Organization]], [[East Turkestan independence movement]]) || Limited autonomy in the [[Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region]].
|-
|[[Palestinians]]<ref>{{Citation|last1=Payind|title=Nation States and Stateless Nations|date=2016|url=https://ohiostate.pressbooks.pub/key2mideast/chapter/nation-states-and-stateless-nations/|work=Keys to Understanding the Middle East|publisher=The Ohio State University|language=en|access-date=2021-08-10|last2=McClimans|first2=Alam and Melinda}}</ref>|| [[File:Flag of Palestine - long triangle.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]
|[[Semitic languages]]|| [[Islam|Sunni Islam]] {{small|(majority)}}, [[Christianity]] || 5,242,679<ref>{{Cite web|title=State of Palestine Population (2021) - Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/state-of-palestine-population/#:~:text=the%20State%20of%20Palestine%202020,year%20according%20to%20UN%20data.|access-date=2021-08-23|website=www.worldometers.info|language=en}}</ref>|| Asia || [[State of Palestine]], [[Jordan]], [[Israel]], [[Syria]], [[Lebanon]] || [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] || [[Palestinian nationalism]] ([[PLO]]) || Seek self-determination from occupying powers.{{efn|name=nation-state|Although the Palestinians are the majority in Jordan, the country was not created as a nation state for the Palestinians.<ref>{{cite web |author=Abbas Shiblak |url=https://www.fmreview.org/sites/fmr/files/FMRdownloads/en/palestine/shiblak.pdf |title=Stateless Palestinians |website=FMR }}</ref>}}
|-
|[[Sikhs]]
|[[File:Flag-of-Khalistan.svg|border|center|50x50px]]
|[[Punjabi language]]
|[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo‐Aryan languages]]
|[[Sikhism]]
|30,000,000
|Asia
|[[India]]
|[[Punjab]]
|[[Khalistan movement|Khalistan Movement]]
|Seek self-determination, greater autonomy or total secession from [[India]].
|-
|[[Zulu people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Conjectural flag of Zululand (1884-1897) by Roberto Breschi taken from The South African Flag Book by A.P.Burgers.png|50px|border|center]] || [[Zulu language]]
|[[Volta–Congo languages|Volta-Congo languages]]|| [[Christianity]], [[Zulu religion]] || 12,159,000 || Africa || [[South Africa]], [[Lesotho]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Eswatini]] ||[[KwaZulu-Natal]] || [[Inkatha Freedom Party]] || Limited autonomy in the [[KwaZulu-Natal]] region, which maintains a traditional [[List of Zulu kings|Zulu king]].
|-
|[[Kongo people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Royal banner of Kongo (Afonso I).svg|center|frameless|50x50px]] || [[Kongo language]], [[Lingala language|Lingala]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[French language|French]]
|[[Volta–Congo languages|Volta-Congo languages]]
|| [[Christianity]] ([[Catholicism]] and [[Protestantism]]), [[African Traditional Religion]] || 10,000,000 || Africa || [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Republic of the Congo]], [[Angola]]
|| [[Kingdom of Kongo|Kongo]] || [[Kongo people#Nationalism|Kongo nationalism]], [[Bundu dia Kongo]] || Historically occupied the independent [[Kingdom of Kongo]].
|-
|[[Baloch people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Balochistan.png|50px|border|center]] || [[Balochi language|Balochi]]
|[[Iranian languages]]|| [[Sunni Islam]]|| 10,000,000<ref>Syed Farooq Hasnat, ''Pakistan'' 2011 p.82</ref> || Asia || '''[[Pakistan]]''', [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]]{{Small|(homeland)}}, [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]] {{Small|(diaspora)}}|| [[Balochistan]] || [[Balochistan conflict]], [[Baloch nationalism]] || Seeks total independence from Pakistan.
|-
|[[Kabyle people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag-kabyle.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Kabyle language]], [[Algerian Arabic]]
|[[Berber languages]]|| [[Islam]] || 4,000,000<ref name="www.cna-sat.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.cna-sat.org/O1/index.php/the-kabyle-people|title=The Kabyle People|access-date=2 August 2016}}</ref> || Africa || [[Algeria]] || [[Kabylie]] || [[Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylie]], [[Provisional Government of Kabylia]] ||
|-
|[[Ahwazi Arabs]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Arabistan.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Arabic languages|Arabic]], [[Persian language|Persian]] {{Small|(assimilation)}}
|[[Semitic languages]]|| [[Shia Islam]]|| 1,320,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/IR/status|title=Iran|website=Ethnologue|access-date=28 December 2018}}</ref> || Asia || [[Iran]] || [[Khuzestan|Al Ahwaz]] || [[Arab separatism in Khuzestan]] [[Democratic Solidarity Party of Ahwaz]] || Ahwazi includes 30 tribes which see themselves as a distinct Arab nation.<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World'' 2016 p.13</ref> Seek self-determination, greater autonomy or total secession from [[Iran]].
|-
|[[Andalusians]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Andalucía.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Andalusian Spanish]], [[English language|English]] (in [[Gibraltar]])
|[[Romance languages]] || [[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 9,500,000 || Europe || [[Spain]], [[Gibraltar]] || [[Andalusia]] || [[Andalusian nationalism]] || See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]].
|-
|[[Puerto Rico]]{{sfn|Duany|2008|p=8|ps=: Public and academic debates about whether Puerto Rico has its own national identity have always been fraught with strong political repercussions because of the Island's colonial relations, first with Spain and now with the United States. For decades, the main conceptual and political paradox in the construction of cultural identities in Puerto Rico has been the growing popularity of cultural nationalism, together with the weakness of the local movement to establish a separate nation-state. Culturally speaking, Puerto Rico now meets most of the objective and subjective characteristics of conventional views of the nation, among them a shared language, territory, and history. The Island also possesses many of the symbolic attributes of a nation, such as a national system of universities, museums, and other cultural institutions; a national tradition in literature and the visual arts; and even a national representation in international sports and beauty contests. Most important, the vast majority of Puerto Ricans imagine themselves as distinct from Americans as well as from other Latin American and Caribbean peoples (Morris 1997).}} || [[File:Flag of Puerto Rico.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[English language|English]]
|[[Romance languages]]|| [[Christianity]] (primarily [[Roman Catholicism]]) || 9,000,000 || America || [[United States]] || [[Puerto Rico]] || [[Puerto Rican Nationalist Party]], [[Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña]], [[Boricua Popular Army]], [[Puerto Rican Independence Party]] || [[Unincorporated territory of the United States]].
|-
|[[Catalans]]<ref>{{Citation|author-link=Michael Keating (political scientist) |last=Keating |first=Michael |title=Nations Against the State: The New Politics of Nationalism in Quebec, Catalonia and Scotland|publisher=Palgrave |year=2001 |edition=Second}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Citation|last=Fiend |first=Julius |title=Stateless Nations: Western European Regional Nationalisms and the Old Nations |publisher=Palgrave |year=2012 }}</ref>|| [[File:Flag of Catalonia.svg|50px|border|center]]|| [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Occitan language|Occitan]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]]
|[[Romance languages]]||[[Roman Catholicism]], [[Agnosticism]] || 8,500,000<ref>James Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z'' 2002 p.402</ref> || Europe || [[Spain]], [[Italy]], [[Andorra]] and [[France]]||[[Catalan Countries]] || [[Catalan independence|Catalan independence movement]], [[Catalan nationalism]] || See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]].
|-
|[[Québécois (word)|Québécois]]<ref name="auto4">{{Citation|author-link=Michael Keating (political scientist) |last=Keating |first=Michael |title=Nations Against the State: The New Politics of Nationalism in Quebec, Catalonia and Scotland |publisher=Palgrave |year=2001 |edition=Second}}</ref> || [[File:Flag of Quebec.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[French language|French]]
|[[Romance languages]]|| [[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 8,215,000 || America || [[Canada]] || [[Quebec]] || [[Quebec sovereignty movement]], [[Quebec nationalism]] ||The total population of the Province of Quebec is 8.2 million, of which over 80% are French speakers.
|-
|[[Mon people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of the Mon National Party.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Mon language]]
|[[Monic languages]]|| [[Buddhism]] || 8,145,500 || Asia || [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]] || [[Mon State]] || [[Mon Nationalism and Civil War in Burma|Mon Nationalism]], [[Mon National Party]], [[All Mon Region Democracy Party]] || Historically occupied the [[Mon kingdoms]]
|-
|[[Circassians]]
{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}}
| [[File:Flag of Adygea.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Circassian language]], [[Russian language|Russian]]
|[[Circassian languages]]||[[Islam]] || 5,000,000 || Europe|| [[Russia]] || [[Circassia]] || [[Russo-Circassian War]], [[Circassian nationalism]] || Majority of the Circassians were destroyed by Russia in the [[Circassian genocide]]<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last=Richmond|first=Walter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LHlwZwpA70cC|title=The Circassian Genocide|date=9 April 2013|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-6069-4}}</ref>
|-
|[[Karen people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of the Karen National Union.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[S'gaw Karen language]]
|[[Karenic languages]]|| [[Christianity]], [[Theravada Buddhism]] || 7,000,000 || Asia || [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]] || [[Kawthoolei]] || [[Karen conflict|Karen nationalism]], [[Karen National Union]], [[Karen National Liberation Army]] ||
|-
|[[Maya peoples]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Maya flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Mayan languages]]
|[[Mayan languages]]|| [[Christianity]] ([[Catholicism]]), [[Maya religion]] || 7,000,000 || America || [[Guatemala]], [[Mexico]], [[Belize]], [[Honduras]], [[El Salvador]] || [[Mesoamerica]] || [[Pan-Maya movement]], [[Rigoberta Menchú]], [[Zapatista Army of National Liberation]] || Historically occupied the [[Maya civilization]]
|-
|[[Veneto]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2021|reason=The list is described as a list of nations that "have been described" as stateless nations. A lack of sources means original research.}}||[[File:Flag of Veneto.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Venetian language]]
|[[Romance languages]] || [[Catholicism]] || 5,000,000 (est.) || Europe || [[Italy]] || [[Veneto]] || [[Venetian nationalism]] || Many groups seek for total independence from Italy, while some just want more autonomy and recognition of Venetian language and people. Historically occupied the independent [[Republic of Venice]].
|-
|[[Tibetan people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Tibet.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan language]], [[Chinese language]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages]]|| [[Buddhism]] || 7,000,000<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World'' 2016 p.422</ref> || Asia || [[China]], [[India]], [[Nepal]] || [[Tibet]] || [[Tibetan independence movement]] || Limited autonomy in the [[Tibet Autonomous Region]]. Historically occupied the [[Tibetan Empire]].
|-
|[[Indian Gorkha]]s {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Gurkhaland.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Nepali language]]
| [[Indo-Aryan languages]]|| [[Hinduism]] || 6,364,759<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: D-K'' 2002 p.677</ref> || Asia || [[India]] || [[Gorkhaland|Gorkhastan]] || [[Gorkha National Liberation Front]], [[Gorkha Janmukti Morcha]] || Gorkhaland is a proposed state in India demanded by the people of the [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling Hills]] and the people of [[Indian Gorkha|Gorkha]] ethnic origin on the Northern part of [[West Bengal]].
|-
|[[Riffian people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of the Republic of the Rif.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Riffian language]], [[Arabic]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]]|| [[Islam]] || 6,000,000<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World'' 2016 p.352</ref> || Africa || [[Morocco]] and [[Spain]] || [[Rif]] || [[Rif War]], [[Rif Republic]] || 95% of the land is controlled by [[Morocco]] with the rest being controlled by the Spanish territories of [[Ceuta]] and [[Melilla]] as autonomous cities.
|-
|[[Shan people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of the Shan State.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Shan language]], [[Thai language|Thai]]
| [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra-Dai]]|| [[Buddhism]] || 6,000,000 || Asia || [[Myanmar]] || [[Shan State]] || [[Shan State Army]], Declaration of independence in 2005; see also [[Hso Khan Pha]] || Historically occupied the [[Shan states]].
|-
|[[Kashmiri people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Kashmir independent.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Kashmiri language]]
| [[Indo-Aryan languages]]|| [[Islam]] || 5,600,000 || Asia || [[India]], [[Pakistan]] and [[China]] || [[Kashmir]] || [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]] || Administered by India ([[Kashmir Valley]], [[Jammu]], [[Ladakh]]), Pakistan ([[Azad Kashmir]], [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]) and China ([[Aksai Chin]]).
|-
| [[Valencians]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Senyera_del_nacionalisme_valencià.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] || [[Romance languages]] || [[Roman Catholicism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/vangdata/20150402/54429637154/interactivo-creencias-y-practicas-religiosas-en-espana.html|title=Interactivo: Creencias y prácticas religiosas en España|website=La Vanguardia|date=2 April 2015|access-date=28 December 2018}}</ref> || 5,111,706 || Europe || [[Spain]] ||[[Valencian Community]] || [[Valencian nationalism]] || See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]].
|-
|[[Moro people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Bangsamoro.svg|center|50x50px]] || [[Filipino language]], other [[Philippine languages]]
| || [[Islam]] || 5,100,000 || Asia || [[Philippines]] || [[Muslim Mindanao]] || Moro [[autonomy]] || The Moro people of Muslim Mindanao has since been granted autonomy as the [[Bangsamoro Autonomous Region]] with the adoption of the [[Bangsamoro Organic Law]].
|-
|[[Kuki people|Kuki]]-[[Mizo people|Mizo]]-[[Zo people|Zo]]-[[Chin people|Chin]] people {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag_of_Chin_State.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Kuki-Chin languages]]
| || [[Christianity]] || 5,000,000 || Asia || [[Myanmar]], [[Bangladesh]], [[India]] || [[Mizoram]], [[Zogam]] and [[Chin State]] || [[Mizo National Front]], [[Chin National Front]], [[Kuki National Army]], [[Zomi Revolutionary Army]], [[Zomi nationalism]] || [[Kuki people|Kuki]]-[[Mizo people|Mizo]]-[[Zo people|Zo]]-[[Chin people|Chin]] are an ethnic group known by different names and speak different dialects.
|-
|[[Scottish people]]<ref name="auto4" /><ref name="auto3" />|| [[File:Flag of Scotland.svg|50px|border|center]] ||[[Scottish Gaelic]], [[Scots language|Scots]], [[Scottish English|English]]
|[[Celtic languages]] || [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]], [[Catholicism|Catholic]] minority) || 5,000,000 (only Scotland)<ref>[[Jeffrey Cole]], ''Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia'' 2011 p.235</ref> || Europe || [[United Kingdom]] || [[Scotland]] || [[Scottish independence]] || Formerly a [[Sovereign state]], Regional autonomy in [[Scotland]].
|-
|[[Sicilians]]<ref>James Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z'' 2002 p.1714</ref> || [[File:Sicilian Flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Sicilian language|Sicilian]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Gallo-Italic of Sicily]], [[Arbëresh]]
|[[Romance languages]] || [[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 5,000,000 (only Sicily) || Europe || [[Italy]] || [[Sicily]] || [[Sicilian nationalism]] || Regional autonomy in [[Statute of Sicily|Sicily]].
|-
|[[Hmong people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Hmong flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Hmong language]]
| || [[Buddhism]] with native || 4,000,000 || Asia || [[Laos]], [[China]], [[Vietnam]] and [[Thailand]] || [[Hmong ChaoFa Federated State]] || [[Insurgency in Laos]] ||
|-
|[[Rohingya people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Rohingya flag.png|50px|border|center]] || [[Rohingya language]]
| || [[Islam]] || 3,600,000 || Asia || [[Myanmar]] || [[Maungdaw District|Rohang State]] || [[Rohingya conflict]] || The Rohingyas are not recognized as a native ethnic group by Burmese government.<ref>Aris Ananta, Evi Nurvidya Arifin, ''International Migration in Southeast Asia'', Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2004, p.267</ref>
|-
|[[Afrikaners]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Afrikaner_Vryheidsvlag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Afrikaans]]
| || [[Christianity]] (mainly [[Protestantism]])|| 3,500,000 || Africa || [[South Africa]] and [[Namibia]] || [[Volkstaat]] || [[Afrikaner Nationalism]], [[Freedom Front Plus|Freedom Front]] || Afrikaners are an [[Ethnic group|Ethno-racial group]]. Demand autonomy or total secession from South Africa.
|-
|[[Assyrian people|Assyrians]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://unpo.org/members/7859 | title=UNPO: Assyria }}</ref> || [[File:Flag of Assyria.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic]], [[Turoyo]], [[Chaldean Neo-Aramaic]]
| [[Semitic languages]]|| [[Christianity]] ([[Chaldean Catholicism]] [[Syriac Christianity]]) || 3,300,000<ref name="UNPO:Assyria">{{cite web|url=http://www.unpo.org/article/7859|title=UNPO: Assyria|access-date=2 August 2016}}</ref> || Asia || [[Syria]], [[Iraq]], [[Iran]] and [[Turkey]] || [[Assyrian homeland|Assyria]], [[Beth Nahrain]] ([[Mesopotamia]]) || [[Assyrian nationalism]], [[Assyrian independence movement]] || Historically occupied the [[Assyrian empire]].
|-
|[[Basque people]]<ref name="auto3" />|| [[File:Flag of the Basque Country.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Basque language|Basque]], [[French language|French]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| [[Language isolate]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 3,000,000<ref>[[Jeffrey Cole]], ''Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia'' 2011 p.38</ref> || Europe || [[France]] and [[Spain]] || [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque Country]] || [[Basque nationalism]] || See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]].
|-
|[[Iraqi Turkmen|Iraqi Turkmen people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Iraq Turkmen FrontVEC.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Turkish language]], [[Azerbaijani language]]
| || [[Islam]] || 3,000,000 || Asia || [[Iraq]] || [[Turkmeneli]] || [[Iraqi Turkmen Front]] || Not to be confused with [[Syrian Turkmen]] of [[Latakia]] or Central Asian [[Turkmens]] of [[Turkmenistan]] who share only their ethnonym.<ref>Larry Clark. [https://books.google.com/books?id=RMe7KpwS3KsC&pg=PA11 Turkmen Reference Grammar]. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1998; p. 11. {{ISBN|9783447040198}}</ref>
|-
|[[Welsh people]]<ref name="auto3" /> || [[File:Flag of Wales 2.svg|50px|border|center]] ||[[Welsh language|Welsh]], [[Welsh English|English]]
|[[Celtic languages]] || [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]], [[Catholicism|Catholic]] minority) || 3,000,000 || Europe || [[United Kingdom]] || [[Wales]] || [[Welsh independence]], [[Welsh nationalism]], [[Meibion Glyndŵr]], [[Plaid Cymru]] || Regional autonomy in Wales. Historically occupied the independent kingdoms of Wales ([[Gwynedd]], [[Powys]], [[Dyfed]], [[Seisyllwg]], [[Morgannwg]] and [[Kingdom of Gwent|Gwent]]).
|-
|[[Galician people]]<ref name="auto3" /> || [[File:Bandeira galega civil.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Galician language]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
|[[Romance languages]] ||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 2,800,000 || Europe || [[Spain]] || [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]] || [[Galician nationalism]] and [[Galicianism|Galician Regionalism]]|| See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]]. Historically occupied the [[Kingdom of Galicia]].
|-
|[[Kachin people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Kachin_Independence_Army_flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Jingpo language|Jingpo]], [[Zaiwa language|Zaiwa]], [[Maru language|Maru]], [[Lashi language|Lashi]], [[Azi language|Azi]]
| || [[Buddhism]], [[Christianity]], [[Animism]] || 2,750,000 (2002)<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z'' 2002 p.870</ref> || Asia || [[Myanmar]] || [[Kachin State]] || [[Kachin Independence Army]], [[Kachin Independence Organisation]], [[Kachin conflict]] || The tribes of [[Kachin Hills]] form the Kachin Nation.
|-
|[[Aragonese people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag_of_Aragon.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Aragonese language]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
|[[Romance languages]] ||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 2,278,000 (Spain only)<ref name="joshuaproject:Aragonese">{{cite web|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/10397/SP|title=Aragonese in Spain|publisher=joshuaproject.net}}</ref> || Europe || [[Spain]] || [[Aragon]] || [[Aragonese nationalism]]|| See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]]. Historically occupied the [[Kingdom of Aragon]].
|-
|[[Meitei people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:In manipur1.gif|50px|border|center]] || [[Meitei language]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages]]|| [[Hinduism]] || 2,500,000 || Asia || [[India]] || Imphal Valley, [[Manipur]] || [[United National Liberation Front|UNLF]], [[People's Liberation Army of Manipur|PLA]], [[Insurgency in Manipur]], [[Anglo-Manipur War]] || Historically occupied the [[Manipur (princely state)|Kingdom of Manipur]].
|-
|[[Chechen people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Chechen language]], [[Russian language|Russian]]
| ||[[Islam]] || 2,000,000 || Europe || [[Russia]] || [[Chechnya]] || [[Second Chechen War|Chechen insurgency]], [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria]] || Regional autonomy in Chechnya.
|-
|[[Naga people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Unofficial flag of Nagaland.svg|50px|border|center]] || Tibeto-Burman dialects / [[Nagamese creole]]
| || [[Christianity]] || 2,000,000 || Asia || [[India]] || [[Nagaland]] || [[Naga National Council]], [[Insurgency in Northeast India]] || Regional autonomy in Nagaland.
|-
|[[Sardinian people]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurominority.org/version/maps/map-nations.asp|title=Eurominority – La solidarité avec le peuple palestinien|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060623193842/http://www.eurominority.org/version/maps/map-nations.asp|archive-date=2006-06-23}}</ref><ref>''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations'', James Minahan, pg. 1661</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Mikael Bodlore-Penlaez|title=Atlas of Stateless Nations in Europe : Minority People in Search of Recognition|year=2011|publisher=Y Lolfa Cyf|isbn=978-1847713797|pages=[https://archive.org/details/atlasofstateless0000unse/page/70 70]|url=https://archive.org/details/atlasofstateless0000unse/page/70}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unionesarda.it/articolo/cronaca/2016/01/11/la_sardegna_nel_club_delle_nazioni_un_capitolo_nella_bibbia_delle-68-456595.html|title=La Sardegna nel club delle nazioni: un capitolo nella Bibbia dell'etnie del mondo – Cronaca – L'Unione Sarda.it|date=11 January 2016|access-date=2 August 2016}}</ref> || [[File:Bandera nacionalista sarda.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Sardinian language|Sardinian]], [[Corsican language#Corsican in Sardinia|Corso-Sardinian]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Ligurian (Romance language)|Ligurian]]
|[[Romance languages]] || [[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 1,661,521 || Europe || [[Italy]] || [[Sardinia]] || [[Sardinian nationalism]] || National [[devolution]], further autonomy or total secession from Italy.
|-
|[[Ryukyuan people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || || [[Ryukyuan language|Ryukyuan]], [[Japanese language|Japanese]]
| || [[Buddhism]] || 1,600,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcpwindowonjapan.com/2016/05/the-amazing-ryukyu-culture/|title=The Amazing Ryukyu Culture|date=5 May 2016|publisher=kcpwindowonjapan.com|access-date=2016-05-05}}</ref> || Asia || [[Japan]] || [[Ryukyu Islands]] || [[Ryukyu independence movement]] || Historically occupied the [[Ryukyu Kingdom]].
|-
|[[Frisians]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Frisia.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Frisian languages|Frisian]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[German language|German]], [[Danish language|Danish]]
| ||[[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]] and [[Roman Catholicism]]) || 1,500,000 || Europe || [[Netherlands]], [[Denmark]], and [[Germany]]||[[Frisia]] || [[Frisian National Party]], [[Groep fan Auwerk]] || The creation of a new Frisian state. Historically occupied the [[Frisian Kingdom]].
|-
|[[Tripuri people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Unofficial flag of Tripura.png|50px|border|center]] || [[Kokborok]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages]]|| [[Hinduism]] || 1,520,000 (2002)<ref name="auto2">James Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z'' 2002 p.1915</ref> || Asia || [[India]] || [[Tripura]] || [[Tripuri nationalism]], [[All Tripura Tiger Force]], [[National Liberation Front of Tripura]] || Historically occupied the [[Twipra Kingdom]]. 1949, Tripuris had a population of 85% in Tripura, 2002 they make up 29% and became a minority in their own homeland.<ref name="auto2" />
|-
|[[Boro people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Bandera Bodoland.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Boro language (India)|Boro]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages]]|| [[Hinduism]] [[Bathouism]] || 1,300,000 || Asia || [[India]] || [[Bodoland]] || [[Bodo nationalism]], [[National Democratic Front of Bodoland]] || National [[devolution]] or further autonomy from the India.
|-
|[[Tuareg people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:MNLA flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Tuareg language]]
| || [[Islam]] || 1,200,000 || Africa || [[Mali]] and [[Niger]] || [[Azawad]] || [[National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad]], [[Tuareg rebellion (2012)]], [[Northern Mali conflict]] || National devolution, further autonomy or total secession from Mali.
|-
|[[Mapuche]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of the Mapuches.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Mapudungun]]
| || [[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 1,000,000<ref>Christopher Blomquist, ''A Primary Source Guide to Chile'' 2005 p.15</ref> || America || [[Argentina]] and [[Chile]] || [[Araucanía (historic region)|Wallmapu]] || [[Mapuche conflict]] ||
|-
|[[Asturian people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Asturias.svg|50px|border|center]][[File:Andecha Astur.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Asturian language]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
|[[Romance languages]] ||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 1,925,000 (2020) || Europe || [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]] || [[Asturias]] || [[Asturian nationalism]] || See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]].
|-
|[[Lezgins]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Lezgian flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Lezgin language|Lezgian]]
| || [[Islam]] || 800,000+ || Europe || [[Russia]], [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Lezgistan]] || [[Lezgistan#Political concept|Lezgin Nationalism]] || Unification of the Lezgin people in Azerbaijan and [[Dagestan]] (Russia).
|-
|[[Fur people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Darfur.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Fur language|Fur]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]]
| || [[Islam]] || 800,000<ref>James Stuart Olson, ''The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary'' 1996 p.183</ref> || Africa || [[Sudan]] || [[Dafur]] || [[War in Darfur]], [[Sudan Liberation Movement/Army|SLM/A]] || Historically occupied the [[Sultanate of Darfur]].
|-
|[[Māori people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Tino Rangatiratanga Maori sovereignty movement flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Māori language|Māori]], [[New Zealand English|English]]
| || [[Christianity]] with native || 750,000 || Oceania || [[New Zealand]]|| [[New Zealand]] || [[Māori protest movement]] ||
|-
|[[Karakalpaks]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Karakalpakstan.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Karakalpak language]]
| || [[Islam]] || 620,000 || Asia || [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Karakalpakstan]] || [[Karakalpakstan#Politics|Karakalpak Nationalism]] || Regional autonomy in [[Karakalpakstan]]
|-
|[[Native Hawaiians|Hawaiian people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Kanaka Maoli flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Hawaiian language]]
| || [[Christianity]] ([[Catholicism]] and [[Protestantism]]) with native || 527,000 || Oceania || [[United States]] || [[Hawaii]] || [[Hawaiian sovereignty movement]] || Historically occupied the [[Kingdom of Hawaii]].
|-
|[[Moravians]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Banner_of_arms_of_Moravia.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Czech language|Czech]] ([[Moravian dialects|Moravian]]), [[Slovak language|Slovak]]
| ||Traditionally [[Roman Catholicism]] presently [[Irreligion]] || 525,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vdb.czso.cz/sldbvo/#!stranka=podle-tematu&tu=30715&th=&v=&vo=H4sIAAAAAAAAAFvzloG1uIhBMCuxLFGvtCQzR88jsTjDN7GAlf3WwcNiCReZGZjcGLhy8hNT3BKTS_KLPBk4SzKKUosz8nNSKgrsHRhAgKecA0gKADF3CQNnaLBrUIBjkKNvcSFDHQMDhhqGCqCiYA__cLCiEgZGvxIGdg9_Fz__EMeCEgY2b38XZ89gIIvLxTHEP8wx2NEFJM4ZHOIY5u_t7-MJ1OIP5IdEBkT5OwU5RgH5IUB9fo4ePq4uEPNYw1yDolzhPstJzEvX88wrSU1PLRJ6tGDJ98Z2CyYGRk8G1rLEnNLUiiIGAYQ6v9LcpNSitjVTZbmnPOhmArq34D8QlDDwAG10C_KFWcoe4ugU6uPtWMLA4eni6hcSEAZ0FYe_k3OQmaGJYwUAIQCAbFsBAAA.&vseuzemi=null&void=|title=Census 2011 – final results}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://portal.statistics.sk/files/tab.11.pdf |title=Statistics|website=portal.statistics.sk}}</ref> || Europe || [[Czech Republic]] and [[Slovakia]] || [[Moravia]] || [[Moravané|Moravians]] || Historically occupied [[Great Moravia]]
|-
|[[Ogoni people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of the Ogoni people.svg|50 px|border|center]] || [[Ogoni language]]
| || [[Christianity]] with native || 500,000 || Africa || [[Nigeria]] || [[Ogoniland]] || [[Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People]] ||
|-
|[[Crimean Tatars]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} ||[[File:Flag of the Crimean Tatar people.svg|50px|border|centre]]||[[Crimean Tatar language|Crimean Tatar]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
| ||[[Islam]]|| 500,000 || Europe ||[[Ukraine]]||[[Crimea]]||[[Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People]]<br />[[Republic of Crimea#Crimean Tatars|Tatars in Republic of Crimea]]<br />[[Deportation of the Crimean Tatars]]|| Previously an [[Autonomous Republic of Crimea|autonomous republic within Ukraine]], after being [[Russian military intervention in Ukraine (2014–present)|invaded]] and [[2014 Russian annexation of Crimea|annexed by Russia]] in 2014 the Crimean Tatars are currently seeking autonomy<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-crimea-tatars-idUSBREA2S09320140329|title=Crimean Tatars' want autonomy after Russia's seizure of peninsula|work=Reuters|date=29 March 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sahrawi people]]<ref>Mariano Aguirre, [http://www.tni.org/archives/act/463 ''Vers la fin du conflit au Sahara occidental, Espoirs de paix en Afrique du Nord Latine''] in: ''Le Monde diplomatique, Novembre 1997''</ref> || [[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Hassaniya Arabic]] (native), [[Berber languages]] (native), [[Modern Standard Arabic]] (written only), and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] ([[lingua franca]])
| || [[Islam]] ([[Sunni Islam]] ([[Maliki]]), [[Sufism]]) || 500,000<ref name="unpop">{{cite journal |url=https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf |title=World Population Prospects, Table A.1 |version=2008 revision |publisher=United Nations |author=Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division |year=2009 |access-date=12 March 2009}}</ref> || Africa || [[Morocco]], [[Algeria]], [[Mauretania]] ||[[Western Sahara]] || [[Western Sahara conflict]], [[Polisario Front]], [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] || partially controlled by the self-proclaimed [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] and partially Moroccan-[[occupied territory|occupied]]
|-
|[[Chams]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Bandera Front Alliberament Cham.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Cham language]]
| || [[Islam]], [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]] || 400,000 || Asia || [[Vietnam]] || [[South Central Coast]] || [[United Front for the Liberation of Oppressed Races]], Cham rights movement<ref>{{cite web|url=https://minorityrights.org/minorities/cham/|title=Cham|website=Minority Rights Group|date=19 June 2015 }}</ref>
|Historically occupied the [[Champa|Kingdom of Champa]]. The Cham in Vietnam are only recognized as a minority, and not as an indigenous people by the Vietnamese government despite being indigenous to the region.
|-
|[[Corsican people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} ||[[File:Flag_of_Corsica.svg|border|50px|center]]||[[Corsican language|Corsican]], [[French language|French]], [[Ligurian (Romance language)|Ligurian]], [[Italian language|Italian]]
|[[Romance languages]] ||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]|| 322,120 || Europe ||[[France]]||[[Corsica]]||[[Corsica Libera]]||[[Territorial collectivity]] in France.
|-
|[[Navajo people|Navajo]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Navajo flag.svg|center|frameless|50x50px]] || [[Navajo language]], [[Navajo language]], [[Navajo Sign Language]]
| || Navajo Traditional, [[Christianity]] (principally [[Roman Catholicism]]) || 300,460 || America || [[United States]] || [[Navajo Nation]] || [[Navajo Wars]] || Regional autonomy on the [[Navajo Nation]].
|-
|[[Lakota people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Pine Ridge Flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Lakota language|Lakota]], [[American English|English]]
| || [[Christianity]] with native || 170,000<ref>The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010</ref> || America || [[United States]] || [[Republic of Lakotah|Lakotah]] || [[Sioux Wars]], [[Lakota Freedom Movement]] || [[Indian reservation|Native American reservation]] politics.
|-
|[[Sami people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Sami flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Sami languages]], [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], [[Swedish language|Swedish]], [[Finnish language|Finnish]], [[Russian language|Russian]]
| || [[Christianity]] (principally [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]), [[Animism]]|| Estimated 80,000<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sweden.se/society/sami-in-sweden/ |title=Sámi in Sweden |last=Sámi people |date=14 December 2015 |website=sweden.se}}</ref> || Europe || [[Finland]], [[Norway]], [[Russia]] and [[Sweden]] || [[Sápmi (area)|Sapmi]] || [[Sámi politics]] || Have their own Parliaments in Norway, Sweden & Finland but Sami groups seek more territorial autonomy.
|-
|[[Inuit]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || || [[Inuit languages]], [[Danish language|Danish]], [[English language|English]], [[Russian language|Russian]]
| ||[[Christianity]] with native || 135,991 || America || [[Canada]], [[United States]] and [[Denmark]] || [[Alaska]], [[Northern Canada]] and [[Greenland]] || [[2008 Greenlandic self-government referendum|Greenland Referendum]] || Semi-autonomous rule in Greenland with autonomy within the Kingdom of Denmark.
|-
|[[Yupik peoples]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || || [[Yupik languages]], [[English language|English]], [[Russian language|Russian]]
| ||[[Christianity]] with native || 35,567 (est.) || Asia and America || [[Russia]] and the [[United States]] || [[Siberia]] and [[Alaska]] || [[Calista Corporation]], [[Bristol Bay Native Corporation]] ||
|-
|[[Pamiris]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of the Pamiris.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Pamir languages]]
| || [[Islam]] || 135,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2005/0191/analit05.php|title=Итоги переписи населения Таджикистана 2000 года: национальный, возрастной, половой, семейный и образовательный составы|website=www.demoscope.ru|access-date=2018-03-15}}</ref> || Asia || [[Tajikistan]] || [[Badakhshan]] || Pamiri nationalism, [[Lali Badakhshan|Lali Badakhshan party]], [[Tajikistani Civil War]] || Regional autonomy in [[Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region]]
|-
|[[Faroese people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Faroese language]], [[Danish language|Danish]]
| ||[[Christianity]] (principally [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]) || 66,000 || Europe || [[Denmark]] || [[Faroe Islands]] || [[Faroese independence movement]] || Regional autonomy in Faroe Islands.
|-
|[[Lusatian Sorbs|Sorbs]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Sorbs.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Sorbian languages|Sorbian language]], [[German language|German]]
| ||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 60,000–70,000 (est.) || Europe || [[Germany]] || [[Lusatia]] || [[Domowina]] || Divided into [[Upper Sorbian language|Upper Sorbs]] and [[Lower Sorbian language|Lower Sorbs]].
|}


== ئەمانەش ببینن ==
== ئەمانەش ببینن ==

وەک پێداچوونەوەی ‏٠٩:٢٨، ١ی ئازاری ٢٠٢٣

نەتەوەی بێ دەوڵەت ئاماژەیە بۆ گرووپێکی ئەتنیکی یان نەتەوەیەک کە خاوەنی وڵاتی تایبەتی خۆی نییە و لە هیچ وڵاتێکیشدا زۆرینەی ئاپوورەی ئەو وڵاتە پێک ناهێنێت. دەستەواژەی بێ دەوڵەت پیشاندەری ئەوەیە کە ئەو گرووپە "پێویستە وەها وڵاتێکیان هەبێت". ئەندامانی نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان ڕەنگە شارومەندی ئەو وڵاتەی بن کە تیایدا دەژین و هەروەها ڕەنگە لە لایەن حکومەتی ئەو وڵاتەوە مافی شارومەندییان لێ زەوت بکرێ. زۆرینەی نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان لە وەرزشە نێودەوڵەتییەکان و یان ڕێکخراوە نێودەوڵەتییەکاندا وەک ڕێکخراوەی نەتەوە یەکگرتووەکان هیچ نوێنەرێکیان نییە. نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان وەک وڵاتانی جیهانی چوارەم پۆلێنبەندییان بۆ کراوە. هەندێ لە نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان لە درێژەی مێژوودا سەردەمێک حکومەتیان هەبووە و هەندێکی دیکەش هەمیشە لە لایەن وڵاتاتان و نەتەوەکانی دیکەوە داگیر کراون و حکومەتی خۆیانیان نەبووە.

ئەم دەستەواژەیە ساڵی 1983 و لەلایەن زانایەکی زانستە سیاسییەکان بە ناوی ژاکووئێز لیروێز داهێنراوە و یەکەم جار لە کتێبی L'Écosse, une nation sans État لەسەر هەلومەرجی سەیر و سەمەرەی سکۆتلەند لە حکومەتی بەریتانیا، ئاماژەی پێدراوە. دواتر لە لایەن زانا سکۆتلەندییەکان وەک داڤید مەککرۆن، میشائیل کیتینگ و تی ئێم دیڤاین، قبووڵ کرا و لە نووسیندا بوو بە باو.

نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان یان بە چەند وڵاتدا بڵاو بوونەتەوە (بۆ نموونە خەڵکی یاکسانگ لیمبۆ کە دەکەونە ڕۆژهەڵاتی نیپال، سیکیم و دارجیلینگی هیندستان و باکووری ڕۆژئاوای بەنگلادێش کە هەموویان بەشێکن لە نەتەوەی یاکسانگ لیمبۆ؛ و خەڵکی یۆروبا کە دەکەونە وڵاتانی ئەفریقی نێجریا، بێنین و توگۆ) و یان بەشێکن لە ئاپوورەی وڵاتێک یان پارێزگایەک کە دەکەوێتە ژێر دەسەڵاتی حکومەتێکی گەورەتر (وەکوو ئۆیغوورەکانی چین کە نیشتەجێی ناوچەی خودموختاری شینجیانگی ئۆیغوورن). هەندێ لە نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان لە ڕابردوودا وڵاتێکی سەربەخۆیان هەبووە و دواتر لە لایەن حکومەت یان وڵاتێکی دیکەوە داگیر کراون؛ بۆ نموونە ڕاگەیاندنی سەربەخۆیی تبت لە ساڵی 1913ەدا بە فەرمی قبووڵ نەکرا و ساڵی 1951 جارێکی دیکە کۆماری چین ئەو ناوچەیەی داگیر کردەوە و داوای ئەوە دەکات کە تبت بەشێکی جودانەکراوە و حاشاهەڵنەگرە لە وڵاتی چین، لەحاڵێکدا کە حکومەتی تبت لە تاراوگە لەسەر ئەو باوەڕەیە کە تبت وڵاتێکی سەربەخۆیە و ئێستا بە شێوەی نایاسایی داگیر کراوە. [١] [٢] کۆمەڵێک لە گرووپە ئەتنیکییەکان سەردەمێک بێ دەوڵەت بوونە و دواتر بوونەتە دەوڵەت (بۆ نموونە نەتەوەکانی بالکان وەک کرۆڤاتەکان، سیربەکان، بۆسنیاییەکان، سلۆڤێنیەکان، مۆنتەنەگرۆییەکان و مەقدوونییەکان سەردەمێک هەموویان بەشێک بوون لە وڵاتی فرەنەتەوەی یۆگۆسلاڤیا؛ پاش دابەشبوونی یۆگۆسلاڤیا ژمارەیەکی زۆر دەوڵەت-نەتەوەی نوێ دامەزران).

نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان ڕەنگە ئاپوورەیەکی ئێجگار زۆر و گەورەیان هەبێ، بۆ نموونە کوردەکان کە ئاپوورەیان بۆ پتر لە 30 ملیۆن کەس مەزندە دەکرێ و وەک گەورەترین نەتەوەی بێ دەوڵەت پێناسە دەکرێن. [٣] چەندین نەتەوەی بێ دەوڵەت دەتوانن لە یەک ناوچەی جوگرافیایی یان یەک وڵاتدا بژین؛ بۆ نموونە تواریگ، تۆبۆ، ڕفیانز و کابیلە لە باکووری ئەفریقا؛ چاین، کاچاین، کارێن، مۆن، ڕەخینە، ڕۆهینگیا و شان لە میانمار؛ یان گالیکیانز، کانتابریانز، ئەستوریانز، ئارگۆنیز، باسکی، کەتەلانز، ڤالنسیەنز و ئەندەلۆسیەنز لە ئیسپانیا. [٤]

نەتەوە-دەوڵەتەکان و نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان

پێوەندیی پێکەوەژیانی نێوان نەتەوەکان و دەوڵەتەکان سەرەتای ئەورووپای ڕۆژئاوای مودێڕن سەری هەڵدا (سەدەی هەژدەیەم) و دواتر لە ڕێگای داگیرکارییەوە (ئیستیعمار) هەناردەی وڵاتانی دیکەی جیهان کرا. لە حاڵێکدا دەوڵەت-نەتەوەکانی ئەورووپای ڕۆژئاوا ئەوڕۆ خەریکن کۆمەڵێک لە دەسەڵاتەکانیان ڕادەستی یەکێتی ئەورووپا دەکەن، زۆرێک لە وڵاتە داگیرکراوەکانی پێشوو ئێستا پێداگرانە داکۆکی لە چەمکی نەتەوە-دەوڵەت دەکەن. بەم حاڵەشەوە، هەموو خەڵکی وڵاتانی فرەکەلتوور زانیاری تەواویان لەسەر بوونی نەتەوەی بێ دەوڵەت نییە. هەروەها هەموو دەوڵەتەکان دەوڵەتی نەتەوەیی نین، گرووپی ئەتنیکی جۆراوجۆر بوونیان هەیە کە لە وڵاتانی فرە نەتەوەدا دەژین و حەسێبی نەتەوەی بێ دەوڵەتیشیان بۆ ناکرێ.

تەنیا بەشێکی چکۆلەی گرووپە نەتەوەییەکانی جیهان پێوەندییان بە دەوڵەت-نەتەوەوە هەیە. میناهان ئەو ڕێژەیەی سەتا 3 خەمڵاندووە. پاشماوەیان دابەش کراونەتە سەر یەک یان چەند دەوڵەت. ئەگەرچی لە جیهاندا زیاتر لە 3000 نەتەوە بوونی هەیە، ساڵی 2011 تەنیا 193 وڵات ئەندامی نەتەوە یەکگرتووەکان بوون و کەمتر لە 20ی ئەم وڵاتانەش لە بواری ئەتنیکییەوە وەک دەوڵەت-نەتەوەی یەکدەست هەژمار دەکرێن. بۆیە دەوڵەت-نەتەوەکان ئەوەندەش کە بیر دەکەینەوە زۆر و باو نین، و نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان زۆرینەی نەتەوەکانی جیهان دەگرنەوە.

ئەنجام و شوێنهاتەکانی کۆلۆنیالیزم و ئەمپریالیزم

لە سەردەمی ئەمپراتۆرییەتەکان و داگیرکاریدا، نەتەوە بەهێز و دەسەڵاتدارەکان، دەسەڵات و کۆنترۆڵی خۆیانیان بۆ دەرەوەی جوگرافیای خۆیان گواستەوە و زۆرێک لە وڵاتە کۆلۆنیزەکراو یان داگیرکراوەکان چیدی خۆبەڕێوەبەرییان نەمێنێ و وەک نەتەوەی بێ دەوڵەت ئاماژەیان پێ بدرێ. زۆر نەتەوە بوونە قوربانی و نیشتمان و جوگرافیایان لەنێوان چەند وڵاتدا دابەش کرا. تەنانەت ئەوڕۆیش سنوورەکانی سەردەمی داگیرکاری سنوورە نەتەوەییەکان پێک دێنن و ئەمەش زۆر جار لە سنوورە کەلتوورییەکان جودایە. ئەنجامی ئەمەش بۆتە ئەوەیکە لە هەندێ شوین خەڵکێک کە یەک زمانیان هەیە دابەش ببن لە چەند وڵاتدا، بۆ نموونە گینەی نوێ دابەش دەبێتە پاپوای ڕۆژهەڵات (کۆلۆنی پێشووی هۆڵەندا) و پاپوا گینەی نوێ (کۆلۆنی پێشووی بەریتانیا). [٥]

ناسیۆنالیزم و نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان

خەڵکێک کە ڕەچەڵەک و ڕیشە، مێژوو، زمان، کەلتوور، دابونەریت یان ئایینی هاوبەشیان هەیە لە ڕێگای هۆشیاری و بەئاگاهاتنەوەیەکی نەتەوەییەوە دەتوانن ببنە نەتەوەیەک. نەتەوەیەک ئەتوانێ بەبێ دەوڵەت بوونی هەبێ هەر بەو چەشنەی نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان نموونەی ئەم دیاردەیەن. شارومەندی هەمیشە پیشاندەری نەتەوەی تاکێک نییە. لە وڵاتانی فرەنەتەوەدا، شوناس و نەتەوەی جۆراوجۆر دەتوانن پێکەوە بژین یان ڕکابەریی یەک بکەن؛ بۆ نموونە لە ناسیۆنالیزمی ئینگلیزیی بەریتانیادا، ناسیۆنالیزمی سکۆتلەندی و ناسیۆنالیزمی وێڵزی بوونیان هەیە و ناسیۆنالیزمی بریتانی ڕایگرتوون.

یەکڕیزی لە بەرامبەر جوداییخوازیدا

داواکانی نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان و گرووپە ئەتنیکە خودموختارەکان

لە درێژەدا لیستێک لە گرووپە ئەتنیکی و نەتەوەییەکان دەبینن کە بەپێی وتارە سەربەخۆکانی ویکی پێدیا بزووتنەوە و خەباتی سەربەخۆییخوازانەی بەرچاویان تێدا هەبووە.

نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکانی پێشوو

هەندێ لە نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان سەربەخۆیی خۆیانیان بەدەستهێناوە. بۆ نموونە یۆنانییەکان پێش شەڕی سەربەخۆیی یۆنان، و خەڵکی ئایڕلەند پێش شەڕی سەربەخۆیی ئیڕلەند و بەنگالییەکان پێش شەڕی ئازادیی بەنگلادیش.

تا پێش ڕاگەیاندرانی سەربەخۆیی ئیسرائیل، جوولەکەکانیش وەک نەتەوەی بێ دەوڵەت ئاماژەیان بۆ دەکرا، ئەگەرچی کۆمەڵێکیش لەسەر ئەو باوەڕەن کە گرووپە جۆراوجۆرەکانی جوولەکەکان تایبەتمەندیی زۆر جیاوازیان هەیە وەک جیاوازبوونی زمان، کەلتوور، هەرێم و ئەمەش گومان و پرسیار دەخاتە سەر ئەوەیکە جوولەکەکان نەتەوەیەکی یەکدەست و یەکڕیز بن.

لە درێژەی ڕووخان و دابەشبوونی یەکێتی سۆڤیەت و ڕووخان و دابەشبوونی یۆگۆسلاڤیا چەندین گرووپی ئەتنیکی وڵاتی سەربەخۆی خۆیانیان پێکهێنا.

Claims of stateless nations and ethnic groups with autonomous status

داڕێژە:Original research section

داڕێژە:Incomplete list


The following is a list of ethnic and national groups where there exist notable independence movements as evidenced by standalone Wikipedia articles.

States made bold under the "homeland" column are countries of the respective ethnic groups which are native to them and still host the majority (more than half) of their population.

People Flag Languages Language family[ئ] Predominant religion Population Continent States Homeland[ا] Irredentist movement Notes
Kurds[٦]
Kurdish languages, (originally) Arabic, Turkish, Persian (assimilation) Iranian languages Islam (Sunni, Shia, Alevi), Zoroastrianism, Yarsanism, Yazdânism 30,000,000–45,000,000[٧][٨] Asia Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria (homeland), Germany (largest diaspora) Kurdistan Kurdish nationalism, Kurdish–Turkish conflict, Kurdish-Iranian conflict, Iraqi–Kurdish conflict, and Kurdish–Syrian conflict, 2017 Kurdistan Region independence referendum Regional autonomy achieved in Iraqi Kurdistan and Rojava.[٩] Data rough due to censuses not taking ethnicity in homeland countries.
Yoruba people[٦]
Yoruba language Volta-Congo languages Christianity, Islam, Yoruba religion 35,000,000[١٠][١١] Africa Nigeria, Benin and Togo, Ghana Yorubaland Oodua Peoples Congress
Oromo people[١٢]
Oromo Cushitic languages Christian, Muslim, Waaqeffanna 35,000,000 Africa Ethiopia, Kenya Oromia Oromo conflict
Igbo people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Igbo, English Volta-Congo languages Christianity (primarily Roman Catholicism with significant Protestant minorities), Indigenous beliefs 30,000,000[١٣] Africa Nigeria (almost exclusively) Igboland Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra, Indigenous People of Biafra Attempted secession from Nigeria in 1967 sparked the Nigerian Civil war
Occitan people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Occitan, French, Italian, Spanish Romance languages Roman Catholicism 16,000,000 Europe France, Monaco, Italy and Spain (Val d'Aran) Occitania Occitan nationalism (Occitan Party, Partit de la Nacion Occitana, Libertat) Seek self-determination, greater autonomy or total secession from France.
Assamese people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Assamese language Indo-Aryan languages Hinduism 15,000,000[١٤] Asia India Assam Assam separatist movements, ULFA Insurgency in Northeast India Seeks greater regional autonomy for natives of Assam or total secession from India.[١٥]
Uyghur people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Uyghur language Turkic languages Sunni Islam 15,000,000[١٦] Asia China, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan East Turkestan (Uyghuristan) Irredentism is politically fragmented (East Turkestan Liberation Organization, East Turkestan independence movement) Limited autonomy in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.
Palestinians[١٧]
Arabic, Hebrew Semitic languages Sunni Islam (majority), Christianity 5,242,679[١٨] Asia State of Palestine, Jordan, Israel, Syria, Lebanon Palestine Palestinian nationalism (PLO) Seek self-determination from occupying powers.[ب]
Sikhs
Punjabi language Indo‐Aryan languages Sikhism 30,000,000 Asia India Punjab Khalistan Movement Seek self-determination, greater autonomy or total secession from India.
Zulu people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Zulu language Volta-Congo languages Christianity, Zulu religion 12,159,000 Africa South Africa, Lesotho, Zimbabwe, Eswatini KwaZulu-Natal Inkatha Freedom Party Limited autonomy in the KwaZulu-Natal region, which maintains a traditional Zulu king.
Kongo people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Kongo language, Lingala, Portuguese, French Volta-Congo languages Christianity (Catholicism and Protestantism), African Traditional Religion 10,000,000 Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Angola Kongo Kongo nationalism, Bundu dia Kongo Historically occupied the independent Kingdom of Kongo.
Baloch people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Balochi Iranian languages Sunni Islam 10,000,000[٢٠] Asia Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan(homeland), UAE (diaspora) Balochistan Balochistan conflict, Baloch nationalism Seeks total independence from Pakistan.
Kabyle people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Kabyle language, Algerian Arabic Berber languages Islam 4,000,000[٢١] Africa Algeria Kabylie Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylie, Provisional Government of Kabylia
Ahwazi Arabs [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Arabic, Persian (assimilation) Semitic languages Shia Islam 1,320,000[٢٢] Asia Iran Al Ahwaz Arab separatism in Khuzestan Democratic Solidarity Party of Ahwaz Ahwazi includes 30 tribes which see themselves as a distinct Arab nation.[٢٣] Seek self-determination, greater autonomy or total secession from Iran.
Andalusians [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Andalusian Spanish, English (in Gibraltar) Romance languages Christianity (Roman Catholicism) 9,500,000 Europe Spain, Gibraltar Andalusia Andalusian nationalism See also Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain.
Puerto Rico[٢٤]
Spanish, English Romance languages Christianity (primarily Roman Catholicism) 9,000,000 America United States Puerto Rico Puerto Rican Nationalist Party, Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña, Boricua Popular Army, Puerto Rican Independence Party Unincorporated territory of the United States.
Catalans[٢٥][٢٦]
Catalan, Spanish, Occitan, French, Italian Romance languages Roman Catholicism, Agnosticism 8,500,000[٢٧] Europe Spain, Italy, Andorra and France Catalan Countries Catalan independence movement, Catalan nationalism See also Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain.
Québécois[٢٨]
French Romance languages Christianity (Roman Catholicism) 8,215,000 America Canada Quebec Quebec sovereignty movement, Quebec nationalism The total population of the Province of Quebec is 8.2 million, of which over 80% are French speakers.
Mon people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Mon language Monic languages Buddhism 8,145,500 Asia Myanmar, Thailand Mon State Mon Nationalism, Mon National Party, All Mon Region Democracy Party Historically occupied the Mon kingdoms
Circassians[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Circassian language, Russian Circassian languages Islam 5,000,000 Europe Russia Circassia Russo-Circassian War, Circassian nationalism Majority of the Circassians were destroyed by Russia in the Circassian genocide[٢٩]
Karen people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
S'gaw Karen language Karenic languages Christianity, Theravada Buddhism 7,000,000 Asia Myanmar, Thailand Kawthoolei Karen nationalism, Karen National Union, Karen National Liberation Army
Maya peoples [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Mayan languages Mayan languages Christianity (Catholicism), Maya religion 7,000,000 America Guatemala, Mexico, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador Mesoamerica Pan-Maya movement, Rigoberta Menchú, Zapatista Army of National Liberation Historically occupied the Maya civilization
Veneto[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Venetian language Romance languages Catholicism 5,000,000 (est.) Europe Italy Veneto Venetian nationalism Many groups seek for total independence from Italy, while some just want more autonomy and recognition of Venetian language and people. Historically occupied the independent Republic of Venice.
Tibetan people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Tibetan language, Chinese language Sino-Tibetan languages Buddhism 7,000,000[٣٠] Asia China, India, Nepal Tibet Tibetan independence movement Limited autonomy in the Tibet Autonomous Region. Historically occupied the Tibetan Empire.
Indian Gorkhas [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Nepali language Indo-Aryan languages Hinduism 6,364,759[٣١] Asia India Gorkhastan Gorkha National Liberation Front, Gorkha Janmukti Morcha Gorkhaland is a proposed state in India demanded by the people of the Darjeeling Hills and the people of Gorkha ethnic origin on the Northern part of West Bengal.
Riffian people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Riffian language, Arabic Afroasiatic Islam 6,000,000[٣٢] Africa Morocco and Spain Rif Rif War, Rif Republic 95% of the land is controlled by Morocco with the rest being controlled by the Spanish territories of Ceuta and Melilla as autonomous cities.
Shan people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Shan language, Thai Kra-Dai Buddhism 6,000,000 Asia Myanmar Shan State Shan State Army, Declaration of independence in 2005; see also Hso Khan Pha Historically occupied the Shan states.
Kashmiri people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Kashmiri language Indo-Aryan languages Islam 5,600,000 Asia India, Pakistan and China Kashmir Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir Administered by India (Kashmir Valley, Jammu, Ladakh), Pakistan (Azad Kashmir, Gilgit-Baltistan) and China (Aksai Chin).
Valencians [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Catalan, Spanish Romance languages Roman Catholicism[٣٣] 5,111,706 Europe Spain Valencian Community Valencian nationalism See also Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain.
Moro people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Filipino language, other Philippine languages Islam 5,100,000 Asia Philippines Muslim Mindanao Moro autonomy The Moro people of Muslim Mindanao has since been granted autonomy as the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region with the adoption of the Bangsamoro Organic Law.
Kuki-Mizo-Zo-Chin people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Kuki-Chin languages Christianity 5,000,000 Asia Myanmar, Bangladesh, India Mizoram, Zogam and Chin State Mizo National Front, Chin National Front, Kuki National Army, Zomi Revolutionary Army, Zomi nationalism Kuki-Mizo-Zo-Chin are an ethnic group known by different names and speak different dialects.
Scottish people[٢٨][٢٦]
Scottish Gaelic, Scots, English Celtic languages Christianity (Protestantism, Catholic minority) 5,000,000 (only Scotland)[٣٤] Europe United Kingdom Scotland Scottish independence Formerly a Sovereign state, Regional autonomy in Scotland.
Sicilians[٣٥]
Sicilian, Italian, Gallo-Italic of Sicily, Arbëresh Romance languages Christianity (Roman Catholicism) 5,000,000 (only Sicily) Europe Italy Sicily Sicilian nationalism Regional autonomy in Sicily.
Hmong people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Hmong language Buddhism with native 4,000,000 Asia Laos, China, Vietnam and Thailand Hmong ChaoFa Federated State Insurgency in Laos
Rohingya people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Rohingya language Islam 3,600,000 Asia Myanmar Rohang State Rohingya conflict The Rohingyas are not recognized as a native ethnic group by Burmese government.[٣٦]
Afrikaners [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Afrikaans Christianity (mainly Protestantism) 3,500,000 Africa South Africa and Namibia Volkstaat Afrikaner Nationalism, Freedom Front Afrikaners are an Ethno-racial group. Demand autonomy or total secession from South Africa.
Assyrians[٣٧]
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, Turoyo, Chaldean Neo-Aramaic Semitic languages Christianity (Chaldean Catholicism Syriac Christianity) 3,300,000[٣٨] Asia Syria, Iraq, Iran and Turkey Assyria, Beth Nahrain (Mesopotamia) Assyrian nationalism, Assyrian independence movement Historically occupied the Assyrian empire.
Basque people[٢٦]
Basque, French, Spanish Language isolate Christianity (Roman Catholicism) 3,000,000[٣٩] Europe France and Spain Basque Country Basque nationalism See also Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain.
Iraqi Turkmen people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Turkish language, Azerbaijani language Islam 3,000,000 Asia Iraq Turkmeneli Iraqi Turkmen Front Not to be confused with Syrian Turkmen of Latakia or Central Asian Turkmens of Turkmenistan who share only their ethnonym.[٤٠]
Welsh people[٢٦]
Welsh, English Celtic languages Christianity (Protestantism, Catholic minority) 3,000,000 Europe United Kingdom Wales Welsh independence, Welsh nationalism, Meibion Glyndŵr, Plaid Cymru Regional autonomy in Wales. Historically occupied the independent kingdoms of Wales (Gwynedd, Powys, Dyfed, Seisyllwg, Morgannwg and Gwent).
Galician people[٢٦]
Galician language, Spanish Romance languages Christianity (Roman Catholicism) 2,800,000 Europe Spain Galicia Galician nationalism and Galician Regionalism See also Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain. Historically occupied the Kingdom of Galicia.
Kachin people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Jingpo, Zaiwa, Maru, Lashi, Azi Buddhism, Christianity, Animism 2,750,000 (2002)[٤١] Asia Myanmar Kachin State Kachin Independence Army, Kachin Independence Organisation, Kachin conflict The tribes of Kachin Hills form the Kachin Nation.
Aragonese people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Aragonese language, Spanish Romance languages Christianity (Roman Catholicism) 2,278,000 (Spain only)[٤٢] Europe Spain Aragon Aragonese nationalism See also Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain. Historically occupied the Kingdom of Aragon.
Meitei people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Meitei language Sino-Tibetan languages Hinduism 2,500,000 Asia India Imphal Valley, Manipur UNLF, PLA, Insurgency in Manipur, Anglo-Manipur War Historically occupied the Kingdom of Manipur.
Chechen people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Chechen language, Russian Islam 2,000,000 Europe Russia Chechnya Chechen insurgency, Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Regional autonomy in Chechnya.
Naga people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Tibeto-Burman dialects / Nagamese creole Christianity 2,000,000 Asia India Nagaland Naga National Council, Insurgency in Northeast India Regional autonomy in Nagaland.
Sardinian people[٤٣][٤٤][٤٥][٤٦]
Sardinian, Corso-Sardinian, Italian, Catalan, Ligurian Romance languages Christianity (Roman Catholicism) 1,661,521 Europe Italy Sardinia Sardinian nationalism National devolution, further autonomy or total secession from Italy.
Ryukyuan people [ژێدەر پێویستە] Ryukyuan, Japanese Buddhism 1,600,000[٤٧] Asia Japan Ryukyu Islands Ryukyu independence movement Historically occupied the Ryukyu Kingdom.
Frisians [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Frisian, Dutch, German, Danish Christianity (Protestantism and Roman Catholicism) 1,500,000 Europe Netherlands, Denmark, and Germany Frisia Frisian National Party, Groep fan Auwerk The creation of a new Frisian state. Historically occupied the Frisian Kingdom.
Tripuri people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Kokborok Sino-Tibetan languages Hinduism 1,520,000 (2002)[٤٨] Asia India Tripura Tripuri nationalism, All Tripura Tiger Force, National Liberation Front of Tripura Historically occupied the Twipra Kingdom. 1949, Tripuris had a population of 85% in Tripura, 2002 they make up 29% and became a minority in their own homeland.[٤٨]
Boro people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Boro Sino-Tibetan languages Hinduism Bathouism 1,300,000 Asia India Bodoland Bodo nationalism, National Democratic Front of Bodoland National devolution or further autonomy from the India.
Tuareg people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Tuareg language Islam 1,200,000 Africa Mali and Niger Azawad National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad, Tuareg rebellion (2012), Northern Mali conflict National devolution, further autonomy or total secession from Mali.
Mapuche [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Mapudungun Christianity (Roman Catholicism) 1,000,000[٤٩] America Argentina and Chile Wallmapu Mapuche conflict
Asturian people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Asturian language, Spanish Romance languages Christianity (Roman Catholicism) 1,925,000 (2020) Europe Spain and Portugal Asturias Asturian nationalism See also Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain.
Lezgins [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Lezgian Islam 800,000+ Europe Russia, Azerbaijan Lezgistan Lezgin Nationalism Unification of the Lezgin people in Azerbaijan and Dagestan (Russia).
Fur people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Fur, Arabic Islam 800,000[٥٠] Africa Sudan Dafur War in Darfur, SLM/A Historically occupied the Sultanate of Darfur.
Māori people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Māori, English Christianity with native 750,000 Oceania New Zealand New Zealand Māori protest movement
Karakalpaks [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Karakalpak language Islam 620,000 Asia Uzbekistan Karakalpakstan Karakalpak Nationalism Regional autonomy in Karakalpakstan
Hawaiian people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Hawaiian language Christianity (Catholicism and Protestantism) with native 527,000 Oceania United States Hawaii Hawaiian sovereignty movement Historically occupied the Kingdom of Hawaii.
Moravians [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Czech (Moravian), Slovak Traditionally Roman Catholicism presently Irreligion 525,000[٥١][٥٢] Europe Czech Republic and Slovakia Moravia Moravians Historically occupied Great Moravia
Ogoni people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Ogoni language Christianity with native 500,000 Africa Nigeria Ogoniland Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People
Crimean Tatars [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Crimean Tatar, Russian, Ukrainian Islam 500,000 Europe Ukraine Crimea Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People
Tatars in Republic of Crimea
Deportation of the Crimean Tatars		 Previously an autonomous republic within Ukraine, after being invaded and annexed by Russia in 2014 the Crimean Tatars are currently seeking autonomy[٥٣]
Sahrawi people[٥٤]
Hassaniya Arabic (native), Berber languages (native), Modern Standard Arabic (written only), and Spanish (lingua franca) Islam (Sunni Islam (Maliki), Sufism) 500,000[٥٥] Africa Morocco, Algeria, Mauretania Western Sahara Western Sahara conflict, Polisario Front, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic partially controlled by the self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic and partially Moroccan-occupied
Chams [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Cham language Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism 400,000 Asia Vietnam South Central Coast United Front for the Liberation of Oppressed Races, Cham rights movement[٥٦] Historically occupied the Kingdom of Champa. The Cham in Vietnam are only recognized as a minority, and not as an indigenous people by the Vietnamese government despite being indigenous to the region.
Corsican people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Corsican, French, Ligurian, Italian Romance languages Christianity (Roman Catholicism 322,120 Europe France Corsica Corsica Libera Territorial collectivity in France.
Navajo [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Navajo language, Navajo language, Navajo Sign Language Navajo Traditional, Christianity (principally Roman Catholicism) 300,460 America United States Navajo Nation Navajo Wars Regional autonomy on the Navajo Nation.
Lakota people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Lakota, English Christianity with native 170,000[٥٧] America United States Lakotah Sioux Wars, Lakota Freedom Movement Native American reservation politics.
Sami people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Sami languages, Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish, Russian Christianity (principally Lutheran), Animism Estimated 80,000[٥٨] Europe Finland, Norway, Russia and Sweden Sapmi Sámi politics Have their own Parliaments in Norway, Sweden & Finland but Sami groups seek more territorial autonomy.
Inuit [ژێدەر پێویستە] Inuit languages, Danish, English, Russian Christianity with native 135,991 America Canada, United States and Denmark Alaska, Northern Canada and Greenland Greenland Referendum Semi-autonomous rule in Greenland with autonomy within the Kingdom of Denmark.
Yupik peoples [ژێدەر پێویستە] Yupik languages, English, Russian Christianity with native 35,567 (est.) Asia and America Russia and the United States Siberia and Alaska Calista Corporation, Bristol Bay Native Corporation
Pamiris [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Pamir languages Islam 135,000[٥٩] Asia Tajikistan Badakhshan Pamiri nationalism, Lali Badakhshan party, Tajikistani Civil War Regional autonomy in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region
Faroese people [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Faroese language, Danish Christianity (principally Lutheran) 66,000 Europe Denmark Faroe Islands Faroese independence movement Regional autonomy in Faroe Islands.
Sorbs [ژێدەر پێویستە]
Sorbian language, German Christianity (Roman Catholicism) 60,000–70,000 (est.) Europe Germany Lusatia Domowina Divided into Upper Sorbs and Lower Sorbs.

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