ئەلجێستۆن ئەستۆفینید

ئەلجێستۆن ئەستۆفینید ھەروەھا بە (دیھایدرۆکسی پڕۆجێسترۆن ئەستۆفینید) (DHPA)ـش ناسراوە، لەژێر ناوی بازرگانی (پێرلوتال) و (تۆپاسل) دەفرۆشرێ لەنێوان ئەوانی تر، دەرمانێکی پڕۆجستینە کە لەگەل تێکەلەی ئیسترۆجین بەکاردێت بۆ چارەسەری درێژی کۆنتڕۆلی ھۆرمۆنی لە ڕێگەی دەرزی^[١]^[٢]^[٣]^[٤] پێشوو تر بەتەنھاش بەکاردێت بەلام چیتر بە تەنھا بەردەست نییە^[٥]^[٦]^[٧] (DHPA) لە ڕێگەی دەمەوە چالاک ناکرێ، بەڵکو مانگانە لە ڕێگەی دەرزییەوە لە ماسوولکەوە بەکاردێت^[٢]^[٣]^[٤]

زیانە لاوەکییەکانی

ئەلێجستۆن ئەتسۆینید وەکوو پڕۆجێستینەکانی ترە، (DHPA) پڕۆجستینە، یان بەرھەمھێنراوی پڕۆجێستۆجینە، و ھەروەھا چالاکاری وەرگرەکانی پڕۆجێستۆجینە^[٨]^[٩]^[١٠]ھیچ چالاکییەکی ھۆرمۆنی گرنگ تری نییە^[٨]^[١١]^[٩]^[١٠] دەرمانەکە لە ساڵی ١٩٥٨ دۆزراوەتەوە و لە ساڵی ١٩٦٠ وەک دەرمان ناسێنراوە^[١٢]^[١٣]^[١٤] لە ئەمریکا نەناسێنرا بەلام بە بڵاوی لە ئەمریکای لاتین خرایە مارکێتەوە^[١٥]^[١٦]^[٥]^[١٤] پێشوو تر بە تەنھا لە ئیتاڵیا بەردەست بووە، و وەک تێکەڵکراوێکی شێوازی دەرزی کۆنتڕۆلی دووگیانی لە پورتوگال و ئیسپانیا بەردەست بووە بەڵام وەستێنراوە لەم وڵاتانە^[٦]

بەکارھێنانی پزیشکی

(DHPA) بە تێکەلکراوی لەگەڵ ئیسترۆدیۆڵ ئینانتەیت (E2-EN) یان (estradiol benzoate butyrate) بەکارھاتووە بە شێوەی دەرزی یەکجار لە مانگێک بۆ کۆنتڕۆلی دووگیانی بۆ ژنانی ئەمریکای لاتین، ھۆنگ کۆنگ و زینگاپور^[٢]^[٣]^[٤] پێشوو تریش بە تەنھا لە ئیتاڵیا بەردەست بووە^[٥]

سەرچاوەکان

^ Jarquín González JD، Elda de Aguirre L، Rodríguez C، Abrego de Aguilar M، Carrillo F، León DA، Lima M، Trigueros S، Acosta R (September 1996). «Dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide 150 mg + estradiol enantate 10 mg as monthly injectable contraceptives». Adv Contracept. 12 (3): 213–25. doi:10.1007/BF01849664. PMID 8910663. S2CID 2522426.
^ ^ئ ^ا ^ب Newton JR، D'arcangues C، Hall PE (1994). «A review of "once-a-month" combined injectable contraceptives». J Obstet Gynaecol (Lahore). 4 Suppl 1: S1–34. doi:10.3109/01443619409027641. PMID 12290848.
^ ^ئ ^ا ^ب Bagade O، Pawar V، Patel R، Patel B، Awasarkar V، Diwate S (2014). «Increasing use of long-acting reversible contraception: safe, reliable, and cost-effective birth control» (PDF). World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 3 (10): 364–392. ISSN 2278-4357. لە ڕەسەنەکە (PDF) لە ١٠ی ئابی ٢٠١٧ ئەرشیڤ کراوە. لە 2016-08-24 ھێنراوە. {{cite journal}}: زیاتر لە یەک دانە لە |ناونیشانی ئەرشیڤ= و |archive-url= دیاری کراوە (یارمەتی)
^ ^ئ ^ا ^ب «New technologies in contraception» (PDF). BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 116 (2): 230–239. 2009. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01985.x. ISSN 1470-0328. PMID 19076955. S2CID 3415547.
^ ^ئ ^ا ^ب Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory. Taylor & Francis. 2000. pp. 26–. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1.
^ ^ئ ^ا http://www.micromedexsolutions.com/micromedex2/librarian/
^ Sweetman, Sean C.، ed. (2009). «Sex hormones and their modulators». Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference (36th ed.). London: Pharmaceutical Press. p. 2082. ISBN 978-0-85369-840-1.
^ ^ئ ^ا Lerner LJ، Brennan DM، Borman A (1961). «Biological activities of 16 alpha, 17 alpha dihydroxyprogesterone derivatives». Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 106: 231–4. doi:10.3181/00379727-106-26296. PMID 13761080. S2CID 89428532.
^ ^ئ ^ا Lerner, L. J. , Brennan, D. M. , DePhillipo, M. , & Yiacas, E. (1961). Comparison of biological activities of progesterone, norethisterone and the acetophenone derivatives of 16 alpha, 17 alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone.(Abstr.). In Federation Proceedings (Vol. 20, p. 200).
^ ^ئ ^ا Kurihara N، Tadokoro S، Ogawa H (1972). «Studies on hormonal actions of dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide, estradiol enanthate and their mixtures». Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 22 (1): 43–58. doi:10.1254/jjp.22.43. PMID 4537624.
^ Toppozada M (June 1977). «The clinical use of monthly injectable contraceptive preparations». Obstet Gynecol Surv. 32 (6): 335–47. doi:10.1097/00006254-197706000-00001. PMID 865726.
^ Fried, J. (1960). U.S. Patent No. 2,941,997. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
^ Fried J، Borman A (1958). «Synthetic derivatives of cortical hormones». Vitam. Horm. Vitamins & Hormones. 16: 303–74. doi:10.1016/S0083-6729(08)60320-9. ISBN 978-0-12-709816-6. PMID 13625604.
^ ^ئ ^ا Fertility Control — Update and Trends: Update and Trends. Springer Science & Business Media. 6 December 2012. pp. 183–. ISBN 978-3-642-86696-8. Two additional monthly, combined injectable methods warrant mention. Deladroxate (commercially labelled as Perlutan, Topasel, Agurin, Horprotal and Uno-Ciclo in various countries), is a combination of 150 mg dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide and 10 mg estradiol enanthate, and is available in many Latin American countries and Spain. The method is highly effective, without a single pregnancy reported in large clinical trials (Koetsawang 1994). Although available since the 1960s, the method has not been studied as extensively as Cyclofem or Mesigyna. The original manufacturer withdrew support due to toxicological concerns with dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide, and clinical evaluations continue to be published. A recent dose-finding trial compared the standard available dose of 150/10 with a lower dose of 90/6, and concluded the lower dose was equally effective (Coutinho et al. , 1997). {{cite book}}: نرخەکانی ڕێکەوت بپشکنە لە: |date= (یارمەتی)
^ Population Reports: Injectables and implants. Department of Medical and Public Affairs, George Washington University. 1987. p. K-75. In the US, Squibb Pharmaceutical Company withdrew Deladroxate from clinical testing in the late 1960s because of concerns over (1) breast tumors in beagle dogs, (2) pituitary hyperplasia in rats, and (3) possible accumulation of estradiol enanthate in the body with continued use (89, 98, 243). Subsequently, however, questions have been raised about whether such animal findings are applicable to humans. Research suggests that the adverse effects of Deladroxate on animals may occur only with doses higher than the equivalent of a contraceptive dose (2, 62, 82, 121, 272).
^ Atlas of Contraception, Second Edition. CRC Press. 14 April 2008. pp. 50–. ISBN 978-0-203-34732-4. {{cite book}}: نرخەکانی ڕێکەوت بپشکنە لە: |date= (یارمەتی)

[pmid_8910663-1] Jarquín González JD، Elda de Aguirre L، Rodríguez C، Abrego de Aguilar M، Carrillo F، León DA، Lima M، Trigueros S، Acosta R (September 1996). «Dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide 150 mg + estradiol enantate 10 mg as monthly injectable contraceptives». Adv Contracept. 12 (3): 213–25. doi:10.1007/BF01849664. PMID 8910663. S2CID 2522426.

[pmid_12290848-2] ئ ^ا ^ب Newton JR، D'arcangues C، Hall PE (1994). «A review of "once-a-month" combined injectable contraceptives». J Obstet Gynaecol (Lahore). 4 Suppl 1: S1–34. doi:10.3109/01443619409027641. PMID 12290848.

[BagadePawar2014-3] ئ ^ا ^ب Bagade O، Pawar V، Patel R، Patel B، Awasarkar V، Diwate S (2014). «Increasing use of long-acting reversible contraception: safe, reliable, and cost-effective birth control» (PDF). World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 3 (10): 364–392. ISSN 2278-4357. لە ڕەسەنەکە (PDF) لە ١٠ی ئابی ٢٠١٧ ئەرشیڤ کراوە. لە 2016-08-24 ھێنراوە. {{cite journal}}: زیاتر لە یەک دانە لە |ناونیشانی ئەرشیڤ= و |archive-url= دیاری کراوە (یارمەتی)

[Rowlands2009-4] ئ ^ا ^ب «New technologies in contraception» (PDF). BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 116 (2): 230–239. 2009. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01985.x. ISSN 1470-0328. PMID 19076955. S2CID 3415547.

[IndexNominum2000-5] ئ ^ا ^ب Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory. Taylor & Francis. 2000. pp. 26–. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1.

[Micromedex-6] ئ ^ا http://www.micromedexsolutions.com/micromedex2/librarian/

[Martindale-7] Sweetman, Sean C.، ed. (2009). «Sex hormones and their modulators». Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference (36th ed.). London: Pharmaceutical Press. p. 2082. ISBN 978-0-85369-840-1.

[pmid_13761080-8] ئ ^ا Lerner LJ، Brennan DM، Borman A (1961). «Biological activities of 16 alpha, 17 alpha dihydroxyprogesterone derivatives». Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 106: 231–4. doi:10.3181/00379727-106-26296. PMID 13761080. S2CID 89428532.

[LernerBrennan1961-9] ئ ^ا Lerner, L. J. , Brennan, D. M. , DePhillipo, M. , & Yiacas, E. (1961). Comparison of biological activities of progesterone, norethisterone and the acetophenone derivatives of 16 alpha, 17 alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone.(Abstr.). In Federation Proceedings (Vol. 20, p. 200).

[pmid_4537624-10] ئ ^ا Kurihara N، Tadokoro S، Ogawa H (1972). «Studies on hormonal actions of dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide, estradiol enanthate and their mixtures». Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 22 (1): 43–58. doi:10.1254/jjp.22.43. PMID 4537624.

[pmid_865726-11] Toppozada M (June 1977). «The clinical use of monthly injectable contraceptive preparations». Obstet Gynecol Surv. 32 (6): 335–47. doi:10.1097/00006254-197706000-00001. PMID 865726.

[Fried1960-12] Fried, J. (1960). U.S. Patent No. 2,941,997. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

[pmid_13625604-13] Fried J، Borman A (1958). «Synthetic derivatives of cortical hormones». Vitam. Horm. Vitamins & Hormones. 16: 303–74. doi:10.1016/S0083-6729(08)60320-9. ISBN 978-0-12-709816-6. PMID 13625604.

[RabeRunnebaum2012-14] ئ ^ا Fertility Control — Update and Trends: Update and Trends. Springer Science & Business Media. 6 December 2012. pp. 183–. ISBN 978-3-642-86696-8. Two additional monthly, combined injectable methods warrant mention. Deladroxate (commercially labelled as Perlutan, Topasel, Agurin, Horprotal and Uno-Ciclo in various countries), is a combination of 150 mg dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide and 10 mg estradiol enanthate, and is available in many Latin American countries and Spain. The method is highly effective, without a single pregnancy reported in large clinical trials (Koetsawang 1994). Although available since the 1960s, the method has not been studied as extensively as Cyclofem or Mesigyna. The original manufacturer withdrew support due to toxicological concerns with dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide, and clinical evaluations continue to be published. A recent dose-finding trial compared the standard available dose of 150/10 with a lower dose of 90/6, and concluded the lower dose was equally effective (Coutinho et al. , 1997). {{cite book}}: نرخەکانی ڕێکەوت بپشکنە لە: |date= (یارمەتی)

[GWU1987-15] Population Reports: Injectables and implants. Department of Medical and Public Affairs, George Washington University. 1987. p. K-75. In the US, Squibb Pharmaceutical Company withdrew Deladroxate from clinical testing in the late 1960s because of concerns over (1) breast tumors in beagle dogs, (2) pituitary hyperplasia in rats, and (3) possible accumulation of estradiol enanthate in the body with continued use (89, 98, 243). Subsequently, however, questions have been raised about whether such animal findings are applicable to humans. Research suggests that the adverse effects of Deladroxate on animals may occur only with doses higher than the equivalent of a contraceptive dose (2, 62, 82, 121, 272).

[SenanayakePotts2008-16] Atlas of Contraception, Second Edition. CRC Press. 14 April 2008. pp. 50–. ISBN 978-0-203-34732-4. {{cite book}}: نرخەکانی ڕێکەوت بپشکنە لە: |date= (یارمەتی)

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