GIF animation showing the major modes of motion in a four-circle kappa goniometer in an X-ray crystallographic beamline. The X-ray beam is shown in orange and runs left to right, passing through the slightly transparent crystal and striking the black screen of the purple detector. (No diffracted beams are shown, for simplicity). The four circles of motion are labeled with their customary angle of rotation: 2θ for the angle between the beam and the purple detector; ω for the blue plate (often used for rocking the crystal); κ to swing the green arm out while keeping the crystal in the beam, thus obtaining a new rotation axis for the crystal; and φ for the rotation of the red loop spindle holding the crystal. Finally, the animation shows the detector being moved closer or further away from the crystal, which allows for high resolution or better discernment of the Bragg peaks, respectively.
{{Information |Description=GIF animation showing the major modes of motion in a four-circle kappa goniometer in an X-ray crystallographic beamline. The X-ray beam is shown in orange and runs left to right, passing through the slightly transparent crystal