نەتەوەی بێدەوڵەت: جیاوازیی نێوان پێداچوونەوەکان

لە ئینسایکڵۆپیدیای ئازادی ویکیپیدیاوە
ناوەڕۆکی سڕاو ناوەڕۆکی زیادکراو
زیادکردنی خشتەیەک (بەپێی داواکاری)
←‏Claims of stateless nations and ethnic groups with autonomous status: کردنی بەستەرەکان بە کوردی
ھێڵی ٣٢: ھێڵی ٣٢:
==Claims of stateless nations and ethnic groups with autonomous status==
==Claims of stateless nations and ethnic groups with autonomous status==
{{Original research section|date=October 2020}}
{{Original research section|date=October 2020}}
{{POV section|date=July 2020}}
{{بێلایەنی بەش|date=July 2020}}
{{incomplete list|date=January 2017}}
{{پێڕست فراوان بکە|date=January 2017}}


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ھێڵی ٤٩: ھێڵی ٤٩:
! Flag
! Flag
! Languages
! Languages
!Language family{{Efn|Can also help with understanding the cultural/ethnic proximity with other people of that paternal language group, but not necessarily. The largest language family is not recommended, as a large number of cells would contain similar content.}}
!Language family{{تێبینی|Can also help with understanding the cultural/ethnic proximity with other people of that paternal language group, but not necessarily. The largest language family is not recommended, as a large number of cells would contain similar content.}}
! Predominant religion
! Predominant religion
! data-sort-type="number" |Population
! data-sort-type="number" |Population
! Continent
! Continent
! States
! States
! Homeland{{Efn|Proposed or historical homeland desired.}}
! Homeland{{تێبینی|Proposed or historical homeland desired.}}
! Irredentist movement
! Irredentist movement
! Notes
! Notes


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|| [[Kurds]]<ref name="Political Geography">{{Citation|last1=Quam|first1=Joel|title=Political Geography|date=2020-08-31|url=https://cod.pressbooks.pub/westernworlddailyreadingsgeography/chapter/political-geography/|work=The Western World: Daily Readings on Geography|publisher=College of DuPage Digital Press|language=en|access-date=2021-08-10|last2=Campbell|first2=Scott}}</ref>|| [[File:Flag of Kurdistan.svg|50px|border|center]]|| [[Kurdish languages]], {{Small|(originally)}} [[Arabic]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Persian language|Persian]] {{Small|(assimilation)}}
|| [[کورد]]<ref name="Political Geography">{{Citation|last1=Quam|first1=Joel|title=Political Geography|date=2020-08-31|url=https://cod.pressbooks.pub/westernworlddailyreadingsgeography/chapter/political-geography/|work=The Western World: Daily Readings on Geography|publisher=College of DuPage Digital Press|language=en|access-date=2021-08-10|last2=Campbell|first2=Scott}}</ref>|| [[File:Flag of Kurdistan.svg|50px|border|center]]|| [[زمانی کوردی]], {{بچووک|(originally)}} [[زمانی عەرەبی]], [[زمانی تورکی|Turkish]], [[زمانی فارسی|Persian]] {{بچووک|(assimilation)}}
|[[Iranian languages]]|| [[Islam]] ([[Sunni Islam|Sunni]], [[Shia Islam|Shia]], [[Alevism|Alevi]]), [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Yarsanism]], [[Yazdânism]]|| 30,000,000–45,000,000<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kurd {{!}} History, Culture, & Language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kurd|access-date=2021-07-21|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Road fatalities|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/862382573233|access-date=2021-10-12|website=dx.doi.org|doi=10.1787/862382573233}}</ref>|| Asia || [[Turkey]], [[Iran]], [[Iraq]], [[Syria]] (homeland), [[Germany]] (largest diaspora) || [[Kurdistan]]|| [[Kurdish nationalism]], [[Kurdish–Turkish conflict]], [[Kurdish-Iranian conflict]], [[Iraqi–Kurdish conflict]], and [[Kurdish–Syrian conflict]], [[2017 Kurdistan Region independence referendum]] || Regional autonomy achieved in [[Iraqi Kurdistan]] and [[Rojava]].<ref>{{Citation|last1=Kirişci|first1=Kemal|title=The Kurdish Question and Turkey: An Example of a Trans-state Ethnic Conflict|year=1997|publisher=Rootledge|last2=Winrow|first2=Gareth|author-link=Kemal Kirişci}}</ref> Data rough due to [[Race and ethnicity in censuses|censuses not taking ethnicity]] in homeland countries.
|[[زمانە ئێرانییەکان]]|| [[ئیسلام]] ([[سوننە|Sunni]], [[شیعە|Shia]], [[عەلەوی|Alevi]]), [[ئایینی زەردەشتی]], [[یارسان]], [[یەزدانێت]]|| 30,000,000–45,000,000<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kurd {{!}} History, Culture, & Language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kurd|access-date=2021-07-21|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Road fatalities|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/862382573233|access-date=2021-10-12|website=dx.doi.org|doi=10.1787/862382573233}}</ref>|| Asia || [[تورکیا]], [[ئێران]], [[عێراق]], [[سووریا]] (homeland), [[ئەڵمانیا]] (largest diaspora) || [[کوردستان]]|| [[کوردایەتی]], [[سەربزێوییەکانی کورد لە تورکیا]], [[سەربەخۆییخوازیی کوردان لە ئێران]], [[تێکھەڵچوونی نێوان عێراق و کوردەکان]], and [[شۆڕشی ڕۆژاوای کوردستان]], [[ڕێفراندۆمی سەربەخۆییی باشووری کوردستان (٢٠١٧)]] || Regional autonomy achieved in [[باشووری کوردستان]] and [[خۆبەڕێوەبەریی باکوور و ڕۆژھەڵاتی سووریا]].<ref>{{Citation|last1=Kirişci|first1=Kemal|title=The Kurdish Question and Turkey: An Example of a Trans-state Ethnic Conflict|year=1997|publisher=Rootledge|last2=Winrow|first2=Gareth|author-link=Kemal Kirişci}}</ref> Data rough due to [[Race and ethnicity in censuses|censuses not taking ethnicity]] in homeland countries.
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| [[Yoruba people]]<ref name="Political Geography" />|| [[File:Oduduwa flag.jpg|50px|border|center]]|| [[Yoruba language]]
| [[Yoruba people]]<ref name="Political Geography" />|| [[File:Oduduwa flag.jpg|50px|border|center]]|| [[زمانی یۆروبا]]
|[[Volta–Congo languages|Volta-Congo languages]]|| [[Christianity]], [[Islam]], [[Yoruba religion]]|| 35,000,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Benue-Congo-languages|title=Benue-Congo languages|website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref><ref>John A. Shoup III, ''Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia'' 2011 p.237</ref>|| Africa || [[Nigeria]], [[Benin]] and [[Togo]], [[Ghana]]|| [[Yorubaland]]|| [[Oodua Peoples Congress]]||
|[[Volta–Congo languages|Volta-Congo languages]]|| [[مەسیحییەت]], [[ئیسلام]], [[Yoruba religion]]|| 35,000,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Benue-Congo-languages|title=Benue-Congo languages|website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref><ref>John A. Shoup III, ''Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia'' 2011 p.237</ref>|| Africa || [[نێجیریا]], [[بێنین]] and [[تۆگۆ]], [[گانا]]|| [[Yorubaland]]|| [[Oodua Peoples Congress]]||
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|[[Oromo people]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Gow, G.)) | journal=International Journal of Cultural Studies | title=Translocations of Affirmation: Mediascapes and Cultural Flows among the Stateless Oromo | volume=7 | issue=3 | pages=301–319 | publisher=SAGE Publications Ltd | date=1 September 2004 | issn=1367-8779 | doi=10.1177/1367877904046304| s2cid=145547845 }}
|[[Oromo people]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Gow, G.)) | journal=International Journal of Cultural Studies | title=Translocations of Affirmation: Mediascapes and Cultural Flows among the Stateless Oromo | volume=7 | issue=3 | pages=301–319 | publisher=SAGE Publications Ltd | date=1 September 2004 | issn=1367-8779 | doi=10.1177/1367877904046304| s2cid=145547845 }}
</ref> || [[File:Flag of the Oromo Liberation Front.svg|50px|border|center]]|| [[Oromo language|Oromo]]
</ref> || [[File:Flag of the Oromo Liberation Front.svg|50px|border|center]]|| [[Oromo language|Oromo]]
|[[Cushitic languages]]|| [[Christian]], [[Muslim]], [[Waaqeffanna]] || 35,000,000 || Africa|| [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]] || [[Oromia]] || [[Oromo conflict]]||
|[[Cushitic languages]]|| [[مەسیحی]], [[موسڵمان]], [[Waaqeffanna]] || 35,000,000 || Africa|| [[ئیتیۆپیا]], [[کینیا]] || [[ناوچەی ئۆرۆمیا]] || [[Oromo conflict]]||
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|[[Igbo people]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2021|reason=The list is described as a list of nations that "have been described" as stateless nations. A lack of sources means original research.}}|| [[File:Flag of Biafra.svg|50px|border|center]]|| [[Igbo language|Igbo]], [[English language|English]]
|[[Igbo people]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2021|reason=The list is described as a list of nations that "have been described" as stateless nations. A lack of sources means original research.}}|| [[File:Flag of Biafra.svg|50px|border|center]]|| [[زمانی ئیگبۆ|Igbo]], [[زمانی ئینگلیزی|English]]
|[[Volta–Congo languages|Volta-Congo languages]]|| [[Christianity]] (primarily [[Roman Catholicism]] with significant [[Protestant]] minorities), Indigenous beliefs || 30,000,000<ref>James Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World'' 2016 p.178</ref>|| Africa || [[Nigeria]] (almost exclusively) || [[Igboland]]|| [[Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra]], [[Indigenous People of Biafra]]|| Attempted secession from [[Nigeria]] in 1967 sparked the [[Nigerian Civil war]]
|[[Volta–Congo languages|Volta-Congo languages]]|| [[مەسیحییەت]] (primarily [[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک]] with significant [[پرۆتێستانت]] minorities), Indigenous beliefs || 30,000,000<ref>James Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World'' 2016 p.178</ref>|| Africa || [[نێجیریا]] (almost exclusively) || [[Igboland]]|| [[Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra]], [[Indigenous People of Biafra]]|| Attempted secession from [[نێجیریا]] in 1967 sparked the [[Nigerian Civil war]]
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|[[Occitan people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Occitania (with star).svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Occitan language|Occitan]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
|[[Occitan people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Occitania (with star).svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Occitan language|Occitan]], [[زمانی فەڕەنسی|French]], [[زمانی ئیتالی|Italian]], [[زمانی ئیسپانی|Spanish]]
|[[Romance languages]]||[[Roman Catholicism]] || 16,000,000 || Europe || [[France]], [[Monaco]], [[Italy]] and [[Spain]] ([[Val d'Aran]]) ||[[Occitania]] || [[Occitan nationalism]] ([[Occitan Party]], [[Partit de la Nacion Occitana]], [[Libertat]]) || Seek self-determination, greater autonomy or total secession from [[France]].
|[[زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان]]||[[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک]] || 16,000,000 || Europe || [[فەڕەنسا]], [[مۆناکۆ]], [[ئیتالیا]] and [[ئیسپانیا]] ([[Val d'Aran]]) ||[[ئوکسیتانیا]] || [[Occitan nationalism]] ([[Occitan Party]], [[Partit de la Nacion Occitana]], [[Libertat]]) || Seek self-determination, greater autonomy or total secession from [[فەڕەنسا]].
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|[[Assamese people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag_of_United_Liberation_Front_of_Asom.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Assamese language]] || [[Indo-Aryan languages]] || [[Hinduism]] || 15,000,000<ref name="nationalencyklopedin">Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in ''[[Nationalencyklopedin]]''</ref>|| Asia || [[India]] || [[Assam]] || [[Assam separatist movements]], [[United Liberation Front of Assam|ULFA]] [[Insurgency in Northeast India]] || Seeks greater regional autonomy for natives of [[Assam]] or total secession from [[India]].<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/ulfa.htm The United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA)], the vanguard of national liberation struggle in Assam, was formed on 7th April 1979 to bear the historic responsibility of spearheading the armed democratic struggle with the ultimate aim of establishing an independent socialist sovereign Assam.</ref>
|[[Assamese people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag_of_United_Liberation_Front_of_Asom.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[زمانی ئاسامی]] || [[Indo-Aryan languages]] || [[ھیندوویزم]] || 15,000,000<ref name="nationalencyklopedin">Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in ''[[Nationalencyklopedin]]''</ref>|| Asia || [[ھیندستان]] || [[Assam]] || [[Assam separatist movements]], [[United Liberation Front of Assam|ULFA]] [[Insurgency in Northeast India]] || Seeks greater regional autonomy for natives of [[Assam]] or total secession from [[ھیندستان]].<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/ulfa.htm The United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA)], the vanguard of national liberation struggle in Assam, was formed on 7th April 1979 to bear the historic responsibility of spearheading the armed democratic struggle with the ultimate aim of establishing an independent socialist sovereign Assam.</ref>
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|[[Uyghur people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Kokbayraq flag.svg|50px|border|center]] ||[[Uyghur language]]
|[[ئۆیغوور]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Kokbayraq flag.svg|50px|border|center]] ||[[زمانی ئۆیغووری]]
|[[Turkic languages]]|| [[Islam|Sunni Islam]] || 15,000,000<ref name="www.uyghuramerican.org">{{Cite web|url=https://uyghuramerican.org/about-uyghurs|title=About Uyghurs &#124; Uyghur American Association|website=uyghuramerican.org}}</ref> || Asia || [[China]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Uzbekistan]] || [[East Turkestan]] (Uyghuristan) || Irredentism is politically fragmented ([[East Turkestan Liberation Organization]], [[East Turkestan independence movement]]) || Limited autonomy in the [[Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region]].
|[[زمانە تورکییەکان]]|| [[ئیسلام|Sunni Islam]] || 15,000,000<ref name="www.uyghuramerican.org">{{Cite web|url=https://uyghuramerican.org/about-uyghurs|title=About Uyghurs &#124; Uyghur American Association|website=uyghuramerican.org}}</ref> || Asia || [[چین]], [[کازاخستان]], [[ئۆزبەکستان]] || [[تورکستانی ڕۆژھەڵات]] (Uyghuristan) || Irredentism is politically fragmented ([[East Turkestan Liberation Organization]], [[East Turkestan independence movement]]) || Limited autonomy in the [[شینجیانگ]].
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|[[Palestinians]]<ref>{{Citation|last1=Payind|title=Nation States and Stateless Nations|date=2016|url=https://ohiostate.pressbooks.pub/key2mideast/chapter/nation-states-and-stateless-nations/|work=Keys to Understanding the Middle East|publisher=The Ohio State University|language=en|access-date=2021-08-10|last2=McClimans|first2=Alam and Melinda}}</ref>|| [[File:Flag of Palestine - long triangle.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]
|[[Palestinians]]<ref>{{Citation|last1=Payind|title=Nation States and Stateless Nations|date=2016|url=https://ohiostate.pressbooks.pub/key2mideast/chapter/nation-states-and-stateless-nations/|work=Keys to Understanding the Middle East|publisher=The Ohio State University|language=en|access-date=2021-08-10|last2=McClimans|first2=Alam and Melinda}}</ref>|| [[File:Flag of Palestine - long triangle.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[زمانی عەرەبی|Arabic]], [[زمانی عیبری|Hebrew]]
|[[Semitic languages]]|| [[Islam|Sunni Islam]] {{small|(majority)}}, [[Christianity]] || 5,242,679<ref>{{Cite web|title=State of Palestine Population (2021) - Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/state-of-palestine-population/#:~:text=the%20State%20of%20Palestine%202020,year%20according%20to%20UN%20data.|access-date=2021-08-23|website=www.worldometers.info|language=en}}</ref>|| Asia || [[State of Palestine]], [[Jordan]], [[Israel]], [[Syria]], [[Lebanon]] || [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] || [[Palestinian nationalism]] ([[PLO]]) || Seek self-determination from occupying powers.{{efn|name=nation-state|Although the Palestinians are the majority in Jordan, the country was not created as a nation state for the Palestinians.<ref>{{cite web |author=Abbas Shiblak |url=https://www.fmreview.org/sites/fmr/files/FMRdownloads/en/palestine/shiblak.pdf |title=Stateless Palestinians |website=FMR }}</ref>}}
|[[زمانە سامییەکان]]|| [[ئیسلام|Sunni Islam]] {{بچووک|(majority)}}, [[مەسیحییەت]] || 5,242,679<ref>{{Cite web|title=State of Palestine Population (2021) - Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/state-of-palestine-population/#:~:text=the%20State%20of%20Palestine%202020,year%20according%20to%20UN%20data.|access-date=2021-08-23|website=www.worldometers.info|language=en}}</ref>|| Asia || [[دەوڵەتی فەلەستین]], [[ئوردن]], [[ئیسرائیل]], [[سووریا]], [[لوبنان]] || [[فەلەستین|Palestine]] || [[Palestinian nationalism]] ([[ڕێکخراوی ڕزگاریخوازی فەلەستین]]) || Seek self-determination from occupying powers.{{تێبینی|name=nation-state|Although the Palestinians are the majority in Jordan, the country was not created as a nation state for the Palestinians.<ref>{{cite web |author=Abbas Shiblak |url=https://www.fmreview.org/sites/fmr/files/FMRdownloads/en/palestine/shiblak.pdf |title=Stateless Palestinians |website=FMR }}</ref>}}
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|[[Sikhs]]
|[[Sikhs]]
|[[File:Flag-of-Khalistan.svg|border|center|50x50px]]
|[[File:Flag-of-Khalistan.svg|border|center|50x50px]]
|[[زمانی پەنجابی]]
|[[Punjabi language]]
|[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo‐Aryan languages]]
|[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo‐Aryan languages]]
|[[Sikhism]]
|[[سیکیزم]]
|30,000,000
|30,000,000
|Asia
|Asia
|[[India]]
|[[ھیندستان]]
|[[ناوچەی پەنجاب]]
|[[Punjab]]
|[[Khalistan movement|Khalistan Movement]]
|[[Khalistan movement|Khalistan Movement]]
|Seek self-determination, greater autonomy or total secession from [[India]].
|Seek self-determination, greater autonomy or total secession from [[ھیندستان]].
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|[[Zulu people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Conjectural flag of Zululand (1884-1897) by Roberto Breschi taken from The South African Flag Book by A.P.Burgers.png|50px|border|center]] || [[Zulu language]]
|[[Zulu people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Conjectural flag of Zululand (1884-1897) by Roberto Breschi taken from The South African Flag Book by A.P.Burgers.png|50px|border|center]] || [[زمانی زوولوو]]
|[[Volta–Congo languages|Volta-Congo languages]]|| [[Christianity]], [[Zulu religion]] || 12,159,000 || Africa || [[South Africa]], [[Lesotho]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Eswatini]] ||[[KwaZulu-Natal]] || [[Inkatha Freedom Party]] || Limited autonomy in the [[KwaZulu-Natal]] region, which maintains a traditional [[List of Zulu kings|Zulu king]].
|[[Volta–Congo languages|Volta-Congo languages]]|| [[مەسیحییەت]], [[Zulu religion]] || 12,159,000 || Africa || [[ئەفریقای باشوور]], [[لیسۆتۆ]], [[زیمبابوی]], [[ئێسواتینی]] ||[[KwaZulu-Natal]] || [[Inkatha Freedom Party]] || Limited autonomy in the [[KwaZulu-Natal]] region, which maintains a traditional [[List of Zulu kings|Zulu king]].
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|[[Kongo people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Royal banner of Kongo (Afonso I).svg|center|frameless|50x50px]] || [[Kongo language]], [[Lingala language|Lingala]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[French language|French]]
|[[Kongo people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Royal banner of Kongo (Afonso I).svg|center|frameless|50x50px]] || [[Kongo language]], [[لینگالا|Lingala]], [[زمانی پورتوگالی|Portuguese]], [[زمانی فەڕەنسی|French]]
|[[Volta–Congo languages|Volta-Congo languages]]
|[[Volta–Congo languages|Volta-Congo languages]]
|| [[Christianity]] ([[Catholicism]] and [[Protestantism]]), [[African Traditional Religion]] || 10,000,000 || Africa || [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Republic of the Congo]], [[Angola]]
|| [[مەسیحییەت]] ([[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک]] and [[پرۆتێستانت]]), [[African Traditional Religion]] || 10,000,000 || Africa || [[کۆماری دیموکراتیی کۆنگۆ]], [[کۆماری کۆنگۆ]], [[ئەنگۆلا]]
|| [[Kingdom of Kongo|Kongo]] || [[Kongo people#Nationalism|Kongo nationalism]], [[Bundu dia Kongo]] || Historically occupied the independent [[Kingdom of Kongo]].
|| [[Kingdom of Kongo|Kongo]] || [[Kongo people#Nationalism|Kongo nationalism]], [[Bundu dia Kongo]] || Historically occupied the independent [[Kingdom of Kongo]].
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|[[Baloch people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Balochistan.png|50px|border|center]] || [[Balochi language|Balochi]]
|[[بەلۆچەکان]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Balochistan.png|50px|border|center]] || [[زمانی بەلۆچی|Balochi]]
|[[Iranian languages]]|| [[Sunni Islam]]|| 10,000,000<ref>Syed Farooq Hasnat, ''Pakistan'' 2011 p.82</ref> || Asia || '''[[Pakistan]]''', [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]]{{Small|(homeland)}}, [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]] {{Small|(diaspora)}}|| [[Balochistan]] || [[Balochistan conflict]], [[Baloch nationalism]] || Seeks total independence from Pakistan.
|[[زمانە ئێرانییەکان]]|| [[سوننە]]|| 10,000,000<ref>Syed Farooq Hasnat, ''Pakistan'' 2011 p.82</ref> || Asia || '''[[پاکستان]]''', [[ئێران]], [[ئەفغانستان]]{{بچووک|(homeland)}}, [[میرنشینە یەکگرتووە عەرەبییەکان|UAE]] {{بچووک|(diaspora)}}|| [[بەلۆچستان]] || [[Balochistan conflict]], [[Baloch nationalism]] || Seeks total independence from Pakistan.
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|[[Kabyle people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag-kabyle.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Kabyle language]], [[Algerian Arabic]]
|[[Kabyle people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag-kabyle.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Kabyle language]], [[Algerian Arabic]]
|[[Berber languages]]|| [[Islam]] || 4,000,000<ref name="www.cna-sat.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.cna-sat.org/O1/index.php/the-kabyle-people|title=The Kabyle People|access-date=2 August 2016}}</ref> || Africa || [[Algeria]] || [[Kabylie]] || [[Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylie]], [[Provisional Government of Kabylia]] ||
|[[زمانی ئەمازیغی]]|| [[ئیسلام]] || 4,000,000<ref name="www.cna-sat.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.cna-sat.org/O1/index.php/the-kabyle-people|title=The Kabyle People|access-date=2 August 2016}}</ref> || Africa || [[جەزائیر]] || [[Kabylie]] || [[Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylie]], [[Provisional Government of Kabylia]] ||
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|[[Ahwazi Arabs]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Arabistan.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Arabic languages|Arabic]], [[Persian language|Persian]] {{Small|(assimilation)}}
|[[Ahwazi Arabs]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Arabistan.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Arabic languages|Arabic]], [[زمانی فارسی|Persian]] {{بچووک|(assimilation)}}
|[[Semitic languages]]|| [[Shia Islam]]|| 1,320,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/IR/status|title=Iran|website=Ethnologue|access-date=28 December 2018}}</ref> || Asia || [[Iran]] || [[Khuzestan|Al Ahwaz]] || [[Arab separatism in Khuzestan]] [[Democratic Solidarity Party of Ahwaz]] || Ahwazi includes 30 tribes which see themselves as a distinct Arab nation.<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World'' 2016 p.13</ref> Seek self-determination, greater autonomy or total secession from [[Iran]].
|[[زمانە سامییەکان]]|| [[شیعە]]|| 1,320,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/IR/status|title=Iran|website=Ethnologue|access-date=28 December 2018}}</ref> || Asia || [[ئێران]] || [[پارێزگای خووزستان|Al Ahwaz]] || [[Arab separatism in Khuzestan]] [[Democratic Solidarity Party of Ahwaz]] || Ahwazi includes 30 tribes which see themselves as a distinct Arab nation.<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World'' 2016 p.13</ref> Seek self-determination, greater autonomy or total secession from [[ئێران]].
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|[[Andalusians]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Andalucía.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Andalusian Spanish]], [[English language|English]] (in [[Gibraltar]])
|[[Andalusians]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Andalucía.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Andalusian Spanish]], [[زمانی ئینگلیزی|English]] (in [[گیبرالتار]])
|[[Romance languages]] || [[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 9,500,000 || Europe || [[Spain]], [[Gibraltar]] || [[Andalusia]] || [[Andalusian nationalism]] || See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]].
|[[زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان]] || [[مەسیحییەت]] ([[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک]]) || 9,500,000 || Europe || [[ئیسپانیا]], [[گیبرالتار]] || [[Andalusia]] || [[Andalusian nationalism]] || See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]].
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|[[Puerto Rico]]{{sfn|Duany|2008|p=8|ps=: Public and academic debates about whether Puerto Rico has its own national identity have always been fraught with strong political repercussions because of the Island's colonial relations, first with Spain and now with the United States. For decades, the main conceptual and political paradox in the construction of cultural identities in Puerto Rico has been the growing popularity of cultural nationalism, together with the weakness of the local movement to establish a separate nation-state. Culturally speaking, Puerto Rico now meets most of the objective and subjective characteristics of conventional views of the nation, among them a shared language, territory, and history. The Island also possesses many of the symbolic attributes of a nation, such as a national system of universities, museums, and other cultural institutions; a national tradition in literature and the visual arts; and even a national representation in international sports and beauty contests. Most important, the vast majority of Puerto Ricans imagine themselves as distinct from Americans as well as from other Latin American and Caribbean peoples (Morris 1997).}} || [[File:Flag of Puerto Rico.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[English language|English]]
|[[پۆرتۆ ڕیکۆ]]{{Sfn|Duany|2008|p=8|ps=: Public and academic debates about whether Puerto Rico has its own national identity have always been fraught with strong political repercussions because of the Island's colonial relations, first with Spain and now with the United States. For decades, the main conceptual and political paradox in the construction of cultural identities in Puerto Rico has been the growing popularity of cultural nationalism, together with the weakness of the local movement to establish a separate nation-state. Culturally speaking, Puerto Rico now meets most of the objective and subjective characteristics of conventional views of the nation, among them a shared language, territory, and history. The Island also possesses many of the symbolic attributes of a nation, such as a national system of universities, museums, and other cultural institutions; a national tradition in literature and the visual arts; and even a national representation in international sports and beauty contests. Most important, the vast majority of Puerto Ricans imagine themselves as distinct from Americans as well as from other Latin American and Caribbean peoples (Morris 1997).}} || [[File:Flag of Puerto Rico.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[زمانی ئیسپانی|Spanish]], [[زمانی ئینگلیزی|English]]
|[[Romance languages]]|| [[Christianity]] (primarily [[Roman Catholicism]]) || 9,000,000 || America || [[United States]] || [[Puerto Rico]] || [[Puerto Rican Nationalist Party]], [[Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña]], [[Boricua Popular Army]], [[Puerto Rican Independence Party]] || [[Unincorporated territory of the United States]].
|[[زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان]]|| [[مەسیحییەت]] (primarily [[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک]]) || 9,000,000 || America || [[ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا]] || [[پۆرتۆ ڕیکۆ]] || [[Puerto Rican Nationalist Party]], [[Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña]], [[Boricua Popular Army]], [[Puerto Rican Independence Party]] || [[Unincorporated territory of the United States]].
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|[[Catalans]]<ref>{{Citation|author-link=Michael Keating (political scientist) |last=Keating |first=Michael |title=Nations Against the State: The New Politics of Nationalism in Quebec, Catalonia and Scotland|publisher=Palgrave |year=2001 |edition=Second}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Citation|last=Fiend |first=Julius |title=Stateless Nations: Western European Regional Nationalisms and the Old Nations |publisher=Palgrave |year=2012 }}</ref>|| [[File:Flag of Catalonia.svg|50px|border|center]]|| [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Occitan language|Occitan]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]]
|[[Catalans]]<ref>{{Citation|author-link=Michael Keating (political scientist) |last=Keating |first=Michael |title=Nations Against the State: The New Politics of Nationalism in Quebec, Catalonia and Scotland|publisher=Palgrave |year=2001 |edition=Second}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Citation|last=Fiend |first=Julius |title=Stateless Nations: Western European Regional Nationalisms and the Old Nations |publisher=Palgrave |year=2012 }}</ref>|| [[File:Flag of Catalonia.svg|50px|border|center]]|| [[زمانی کەتەلۆنی|Catalan]], [[زمانی ئیسپانی|Spanish]], [[Occitan language|Occitan]], [[زمانی فەڕەنسی|French]], [[زمانی ئیتالی|Italian]]
|[[Romance languages]]||[[Roman Catholicism]], [[Agnosticism]] || 8,500,000<ref>James Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z'' 2002 p.402</ref> || Europe || [[Spain]], [[Italy]], [[Andorra]] and [[France]]||[[Catalan Countries]] || [[Catalan independence|Catalan independence movement]], [[Catalan nationalism]] || See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]].
|[[زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان]]||[[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک]], [[نەزانینخوازی]] || 8,500,000<ref>James Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z'' 2002 p.402</ref> || Europe || [[ئیسپانیا]], [[ئیتالیا]], [[ئەندۆرا]] and [[فەڕەنسا]]||[[Catalan Countries]] || [[Catalan independence|Catalan independence movement]], [[Catalan nationalism]] || See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]].
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|[[Québécois (word)|Québécois]]<ref name="auto4">{{Citation|author-link=Michael Keating (political scientist) |last=Keating |first=Michael |title=Nations Against the State: The New Politics of Nationalism in Quebec, Catalonia and Scotland |publisher=Palgrave |year=2001 |edition=Second}}</ref> || [[File:Flag of Quebec.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[French language|French]]
|[[Québécois (word)|Québécois]]<ref name="auto4">{{Citation|author-link=Michael Keating (political scientist) |last=Keating |first=Michael |title=Nations Against the State: The New Politics of Nationalism in Quebec, Catalonia and Scotland |publisher=Palgrave |year=2001 |edition=Second}}</ref> || [[File:Flag of Quebec.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[زمانی فەڕەنسی|French]]
|[[Romance languages]]|| [[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 8,215,000 || America || [[Canada]] || [[Quebec]] || [[Quebec sovereignty movement]], [[Quebec nationalism]] ||The total population of the Province of Quebec is 8.2 million, of which over 80% are French speakers.
|[[زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان]]|| [[مەسیحییەت]] ([[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک]]) || 8,215,000 || America || [[کەنەدا]] || [[کێبێک]] || [[Quebec sovereignty movement]], [[Quebec nationalism]] ||The total population of the Province of Quebec is 8.2 million, of which over 80% are French speakers.
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|[[Mon people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of the Mon National Party.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Mon language]]
|[[خەڵکی مۆن]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of the Mon National Party.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Mon language]]
|[[Monic languages]]|| [[Buddhism]] || 8,145,500 || Asia || [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]] || [[Mon State]] || [[Mon Nationalism and Civil War in Burma|Mon Nationalism]], [[Mon National Party]], [[All Mon Region Democracy Party]] || Historically occupied the [[Mon kingdoms]]
|[[Monic languages]]|| [[بودیزم]] || 8,145,500 || Asia || [[میانمار]], [[تایلەند]] || [[ویلایەتی مۆن]] || [[Mon Nationalism and Civil War in Burma|Mon Nationalism]], [[Mon National Party]], [[All Mon Region Democracy Party]] || Historically occupied the [[Mon kingdoms]]
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|[[Circassians]]
|[[چەرکەس]]
{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}}
{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}}
| [[File:Flag of Adygea.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Circassian language]], [[Russian language|Russian]]
| [[File:Flag of Adygea.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Circassian language]], [[زمانی ڕووسی|Russian]]
|[[Circassian languages]]||[[Islam]] || 5,000,000 || Europe|| [[Russia]] || [[Circassia]] || [[Russo-Circassian War]], [[Circassian nationalism]] || Majority of the Circassians were destroyed by Russia in the [[Circassian genocide]]<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last=Richmond|first=Walter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LHlwZwpA70cC|title=The Circassian Genocide|date=9 April 2013|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-6069-4}}</ref>
|[[Circassian languages]]||[[ئیسلام]] || 5,000,000 || Europe|| [[ڕووسیا]] || [[Circassia]] || [[Russo-Circassian War]], [[Circassian nationalism]] || Majority of the Circassians were destroyed by Russia in the [[Circassian genocide]]<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last=Richmond|first=Walter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LHlwZwpA70cC|title=The Circassian Genocide|date=9 April 2013|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-6069-4}}</ref>
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|[[Karen people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of the Karen National Union.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[S'gaw Karen language]]
|[[Karen people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of the Karen National Union.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[S'gaw Karen language]]
|[[Karenic languages]]|| [[Christianity]], [[Theravada Buddhism]] || 7,000,000 || Asia || [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]] || [[Kawthoolei]] || [[Karen conflict|Karen nationalism]], [[Karen National Union]], [[Karen National Liberation Army]] ||
|[[Karenic languages]]|| [[مەسیحییەت]], [[تراڤادا]] || 7,000,000 || Asia || [[میانمار]], [[تایلەند]] || [[Kawthoolei]] || [[Karen conflict|Karen nationalism]], [[Karen National Union]], [[Karen National Liberation Army]] ||
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|[[Maya peoples]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Maya flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Mayan languages]]
|[[Maya peoples]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Maya flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Mayan languages]]
|[[Mayan languages]]|| [[Christianity]] ([[Catholicism]]), [[Maya religion]] || 7,000,000 || America || [[Guatemala]], [[Mexico]], [[Belize]], [[Honduras]], [[El Salvador]] || [[Mesoamerica]] || [[Pan-Maya movement]], [[Rigoberta Menchú]], [[Zapatista Army of National Liberation]] || Historically occupied the [[Maya civilization]]
|[[Mayan languages]]|| [[مەسیحییەت]] ([[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک]]), [[Maya religion]] || 7,000,000 || America || [[گواتیمالا]], [[مەکسیک]], [[بەلیز]], [[ھۆندووراس]], [[ئێلسالڤادۆر]] || [[Mesoamerica]] || [[Pan-Maya movement]], [[ڕیگۆبەرتا مەنچو]], [[Zapatista Army of National Liberation]] || Historically occupied the [[شارستانیەتیی مایا]]
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|[[Veneto]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2021|reason=The list is described as a list of nations that "have been described" as stateless nations. A lack of sources means original research.}}||[[File:Flag of Veneto.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Venetian language]]
|[[ڤێنیتۆ]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2021|reason=The list is described as a list of nations that "have been described" as stateless nations. A lack of sources means original research.}}||[[File:Flag of Veneto.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Venetian language]]
|[[Romance languages]] || [[Catholicism]] || 5,000,000 (est.) || Europe || [[Italy]] || [[Veneto]] || [[Venetian nationalism]] || Many groups seek for total independence from Italy, while some just want more autonomy and recognition of Venetian language and people. Historically occupied the independent [[Republic of Venice]].
|[[زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان]] || [[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک]] || 5,000,000 (est.) || Europe || [[ئیتالیا]] || [[ڤێنیتۆ]] || [[Venetian nationalism]] || Many groups seek for total independence from Italy, while some just want more autonomy and recognition of Venetian language and people. Historically occupied the independent [[Republic of Venice]].
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|[[Tibetan people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Tibet.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan language]], [[Chinese language]]
|[[Tibetan people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Tibet.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan language]], [[زمانی چینی]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages]]|| [[Buddhism]] || 7,000,000<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World'' 2016 p.422</ref> || Asia || [[China]], [[India]], [[Nepal]] || [[Tibet]] || [[Tibetan independence movement]] || Limited autonomy in the [[Tibet Autonomous Region]]. Historically occupied the [[Tibetan Empire]].
| [[زمانەکانی سینۆ-تبیتی]]|| [[بودیزم]] || 7,000,000<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World'' 2016 p.422</ref> || Asia || [[چین]], [[ھیندستان]], [[نیپال]] || [[تبت]] || [[Tibetan independence movement]] || Limited autonomy in the [[ھەرێمی ئۆتۆنۆمیی تبت]]. Historically occupied the [[Tibetan Empire]].
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|[[Indian Gorkha]]s {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Gurkhaland.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Nepali language]]
|[[Indian Gorkha]]s {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Gurkhaland.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[زمانی نیپاڵی]]
| [[Indo-Aryan languages]]|| [[Hinduism]] || 6,364,759<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: D-K'' 2002 p.677</ref> || Asia || [[India]] || [[Gorkhaland|Gorkhastan]] || [[Gorkha National Liberation Front]], [[Gorkha Janmukti Morcha]] || Gorkhaland is a proposed state in India demanded by the people of the [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling Hills]] and the people of [[Indian Gorkha|Gorkha]] ethnic origin on the Northern part of [[West Bengal]].
| [[Indo-Aryan languages]]|| [[ھیندوویزم]] || 6,364,759<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: D-K'' 2002 p.677</ref> || Asia || [[ھیندستان]] || [[Gorkhaland|Gorkhastan]] || [[Gorkha National Liberation Front]], [[Gorkha Janmukti Morcha]] || Gorkhaland is a proposed state in India demanded by the people of the [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling Hills]] and the people of [[Indian Gorkha|Gorkha]] ethnic origin on the Northern part of [[بەنگالی ڕۆژاوا]].
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|[[Riffian people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of the Republic of the Rif.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Riffian language]], [[Arabic]]
|[[Riffian people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of the Republic of the Rif.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Riffian language]], [[زمانی عەرەبی]]
| [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]]|| [[Islam]] || 6,000,000<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World'' 2016 p.352</ref> || Africa || [[Morocco]] and [[Spain]] || [[Rif]] || [[Rif War]], [[Rif Republic]] || 95% of the land is controlled by [[Morocco]] with the rest being controlled by the Spanish territories of [[Ceuta]] and [[Melilla]] as autonomous cities.
| [[زمانە ئەفریقائاسیایییەکان|Afroasiatic]]|| [[ئیسلام]] || 6,000,000<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World'' 2016 p.352</ref> || Africa || [[مەغریب]] and [[ئیسپانیا]] || [[Rif]] || [[Rif War]], [[Rif Republic]] || 95% of the land is controlled by [[مەغریب]] with the rest being controlled by the Spanish territories of [[Ceuta]] and [[Melilla]] as autonomous cities.
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|[[Shan people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of the Shan State.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Shan language]], [[Thai language|Thai]]
|[[Shan people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of the Shan State.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Shan language]], [[زمانی تایلەندی|Thai]]
| [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra-Dai]]|| [[Buddhism]] || 6,000,000 || Asia || [[Myanmar]] || [[Shan State]] || [[Shan State Army]], Declaration of independence in 2005; see also [[Hso Khan Pha]] || Historically occupied the [[Shan states]].
| [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra-Dai]]|| [[بودیزم]] || 6,000,000 || Asia || [[میانمار]] || [[ویلایەتی شان]] || [[Shan State Army]], Declaration of independence in 2005; see also [[Hso Khan Pha]] || Historically occupied the [[Shan states]].
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|[[Kashmiri people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Kashmir independent.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Kashmiri language]]
|[[Kashmiri people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Kashmir independent.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[زمانی کەشمیری]]
| [[Indo-Aryan languages]]|| [[Islam]] || 5,600,000 || Asia || [[India]], [[Pakistan]] and [[China]] || [[Kashmir]] || [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]] || Administered by India ([[Kashmir Valley]], [[Jammu]], [[Ladakh]]), Pakistan ([[Azad Kashmir]], [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]) and China ([[Aksai Chin]]).
| [[Indo-Aryan languages]]|| [[ئیسلام]] || 5,600,000 || Asia || [[ھیندستان]], [[پاکستان]] and [[چین]] || [[کەشمیر]] || [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]] || Administered by India ([[Kashmir Valley]], [[Jammu]], [[Ladakh]]), Pakistan ([[ئازاد کەشمیر]], [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]) and China ([[Aksai Chin]]).
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| [[Valencians]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Senyera_del_nacionalisme_valencià.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] || [[Romance languages]] || [[Roman Catholicism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/vangdata/20150402/54429637154/interactivo-creencias-y-practicas-religiosas-en-espana.html|title=Interactivo: Creencias y prácticas religiosas en España|website=La Vanguardia|date=2 April 2015|access-date=28 December 2018}}</ref> || 5,111,706 || Europe || [[Spain]] ||[[Valencian Community]] || [[Valencian nationalism]] || See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]].
| [[Valencians]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Senyera_del_nacionalisme_valencià.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[زمانی کەتەلۆنی|Catalan]], [[زمانی ئیسپانی|Spanish]] || [[زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان]] || [[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/vangdata/20150402/54429637154/interactivo-creencias-y-practicas-religiosas-en-espana.html|title=Interactivo: Creencias y prácticas religiosas en España|website=La Vanguardia|date=2 April 2015|access-date=28 December 2018}}</ref> || 5,111,706 || Europe || [[ئیسپانیا]] ||[[Valencian Community]] || [[Valencian nationalism]] || See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]].
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|[[Moro people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Bangsamoro.svg|center|50x50px]] || [[Filipino language]], other [[Philippine languages]]
|[[Moro people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Bangsamoro.svg|center|50x50px]] || [[Filipino language]], other [[Philippine languages]]
| || [[Islam]] || 5,100,000 || Asia || [[Philippines]] || [[Muslim Mindanao]] || Moro [[autonomy]] || The Moro people of Muslim Mindanao has since been granted autonomy as the [[Bangsamoro Autonomous Region]] with the adoption of the [[Bangsamoro Organic Law]].
| || [[ئیسلام]] || 5,100,000 || Asia || [[فلیپین]] || [[Muslim Mindanao]] || Moro [[ئۆتۆنۆمی]] || The Moro people of Muslim Mindanao has since been granted autonomy as the [[Bangsamoro Autonomous Region]] with the adoption of the [[Bangsamoro Organic Law]].
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|[[Kuki people|Kuki]]-[[Mizo people|Mizo]]-[[Zo people|Zo]]-[[Chin people|Chin]] people {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag_of_Chin_State.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Kuki-Chin languages]]
|[[Kuki people|Kuki]]-[[Mizo people|Mizo]]-[[Zo people|Zo]]-[[Chin people|Chin]] people {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag_of_Chin_State.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Kuki-Chin languages]]
| || [[Christianity]] || 5,000,000 || Asia || [[Myanmar]], [[Bangladesh]], [[India]] || [[Mizoram]], [[Zogam]] and [[Chin State]] || [[Mizo National Front]], [[Chin National Front]], [[Kuki National Army]], [[Zomi Revolutionary Army]], [[Zomi nationalism]] || [[Kuki people|Kuki]]-[[Mizo people|Mizo]]-[[Zo people|Zo]]-[[Chin people|Chin]] are an ethnic group known by different names and speak different dialects.
| || [[مەسیحییەت]] || 5,000,000 || Asia || [[میانمار]], [[بەنگلادێش]], [[ھیندستان]] || [[Mizoram]], [[Zogam]] and [[ویلایەتی چین (میانمار)]] || [[Mizo National Front]], [[Chin National Front]], [[Kuki National Army]], [[Zomi Revolutionary Army]], [[Zomi nationalism]] || [[Kuki people|Kuki]]-[[Mizo people|Mizo]]-[[Zo people|Zo]]-[[Chin people|Chin]] are an ethnic group known by different names and speak different dialects.
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|[[Scottish people]]<ref name="auto4" /><ref name="auto3" />|| [[File:Flag of Scotland.svg|50px|border|center]] ||[[Scottish Gaelic]], [[Scots language|Scots]], [[Scottish English|English]]
|[[Scottish people]]<ref name="auto4" /><ref name="auto3" />|| [[File:Flag of Scotland.svg|50px|border|center]] ||[[گادێلیی سکۆتی]], [[Scots language|Scots]], [[Scottish English|English]]
|[[Celtic languages]] || [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]], [[Catholicism|Catholic]] minority) || 5,000,000 (only Scotland)<ref>[[Jeffrey Cole]], ''Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia'' 2011 p.235</ref> || Europe || [[United Kingdom]] || [[Scotland]] || [[Scottish independence]] || Formerly a [[Sovereign state]], Regional autonomy in [[Scotland]].
|[[Celtic languages]] || [[مەسیحییەت]] ([[پرۆتێستانت]], [[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک|Catholic]] minority) || 5,000,000 (only Scotland)<ref>[[Jeffrey Cole]], ''Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia'' 2011 p.235</ref> || Europe || [[شانشینی یەکگرتوو]] || [[سکۆتلاند]] || [[Scottish independence]] || Formerly a [[دەوڵەتی سەروەر]], Regional autonomy in [[سکۆتلاند]].
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|[[Sicilians]]<ref>James Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z'' 2002 p.1714</ref> || [[File:Sicilian Flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Sicilian language|Sicilian]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Gallo-Italic of Sicily]], [[Arbëresh]]
|[[Sicilians]]<ref>James Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z'' 2002 p.1714</ref> || [[File:Sicilian Flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Sicilian language|Sicilian]], [[زمانی ئیتالی|Italian]], [[Gallo-Italic of Sicily]], [[Arbëresh]]
|[[Romance languages]] || [[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 5,000,000 (only Sicily) || Europe || [[Italy]] || [[Sicily]] || [[Sicilian nationalism]] || Regional autonomy in [[Statute of Sicily|Sicily]].
|[[زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان]] || [[مەسیحییەت]] ([[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک]]) || 5,000,000 (only Sicily) || Europe || [[ئیتالیا]] || [[سیسیلیا]] || [[Sicilian nationalism]] || Regional autonomy in [[Statute of Sicily|Sicily]].
|-
|-
|[[Hmong people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Hmong flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Hmong language]]
|[[Hmong people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Hmong flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Hmong language]]
| || [[Buddhism]] with native || 4,000,000 || Asia || [[Laos]], [[China]], [[Vietnam]] and [[Thailand]] || [[Hmong ChaoFa Federated State]] || [[Insurgency in Laos]] ||
| || [[بودیزم]] with native || 4,000,000 || Asia || [[لاوس]], [[چین]], [[ڤیێتنام]] and [[تایلەند]] || [[Hmong ChaoFa Federated State]] || [[Insurgency in Laos]] ||
|-
|-
|[[Rohingya people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Rohingya flag.png|50px|border|center]] || [[Rohingya language]]
|[[خەڵکی ڕۆھینگیا]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Rohingya flag.png|50px|border|center]] || [[Rohingya language]]
| || [[Islam]] || 3,600,000 || Asia || [[Myanmar]] || [[Maungdaw District|Rohang State]] || [[Rohingya conflict]] || The Rohingyas are not recognized as a native ethnic group by Burmese government.<ref>Aris Ananta, Evi Nurvidya Arifin, ''International Migration in Southeast Asia'', Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2004, p.267</ref>
| || [[ئیسلام]] || 3,600,000 || Asia || [[میانمار]] || [[Maungdaw District|Rohang State]] || [[Rohingya conflict]] || The Rohingyas are not recognized as a native ethnic group by Burmese government.<ref>Aris Ananta, Evi Nurvidya Arifin, ''International Migration in Southeast Asia'', Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2004, p.267</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Afrikaners]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Afrikaner_Vryheidsvlag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Afrikaans]]
|[[Afrikaners]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Afrikaner_Vryheidsvlag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[ئەفریقایی]]
| || [[Christianity]] (mainly [[Protestantism]])|| 3,500,000 || Africa || [[South Africa]] and [[Namibia]] || [[Volkstaat]] || [[Afrikaner Nationalism]], [[Freedom Front Plus|Freedom Front]] || Afrikaners are an [[Ethnic group|Ethno-racial group]]. Demand autonomy or total secession from South Africa.
| || [[مەسیحییەت]] (mainly [[پرۆتێستانت]])|| 3,500,000 || Africa || [[ئەفریقای باشوور]] and [[نامیبیا]] || [[Volkstaat]] || [[Afrikaner Nationalism]], [[Freedom Front Plus|Freedom Front]] || Afrikaners are an [[گرووپی ڕەگەزی|Ethno-racial group]]. Demand autonomy or total secession from South Africa.
|-
|-
|[[Assyrian people|Assyrians]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://unpo.org/members/7859 | title=UNPO: Assyria }}</ref> || [[File:Flag of Assyria.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic]], [[Turoyo]], [[Chaldean Neo-Aramaic]]
|[[ئاشوورییەکان|Assyrians]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://unpo.org/members/7859 | title=UNPO: Assyria }}</ref> || [[File:Flag of Assyria.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic]], [[Turoyo]], [[Chaldean Neo-Aramaic]]
| [[Semitic languages]]|| [[Christianity]] ([[Chaldean Catholicism]] [[Syriac Christianity]]) || 3,300,000<ref name="UNPO:Assyria">{{cite web|url=http://www.unpo.org/article/7859|title=UNPO: Assyria|access-date=2 August 2016}}</ref> || Asia || [[Syria]], [[Iraq]], [[Iran]] and [[Turkey]] || [[Assyrian homeland|Assyria]], [[Beth Nahrain]] ([[Mesopotamia]]) || [[Assyrian nationalism]], [[Assyrian independence movement]] || Historically occupied the [[Assyrian empire]].
| [[زمانە سامییەکان]]|| [[مەسیحییەت]] ([[کڵێسای کاسۆلیکی کلدانی]] [[Syriac Christianity]]) || 3,300,000<ref name="UNPO:Assyria">{{cite web|url=http://www.unpo.org/article/7859|title=UNPO: Assyria|access-date=2 August 2016}}</ref> || Asia || [[سووریا]], [[عێراق]], [[ئێران]] and [[تورکیا]] || [[Assyrian homeland|Assyria]], [[Beth Nahrain]] ([[مێزۆپۆتامیا]]) || [[Assyrian nationalism]], [[Assyrian independence movement]] || Historically occupied the [[Assyrian empire]].
|-
|-
|[[Basque people]]<ref name="auto3" />|| [[File:Flag of the Basque Country.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Basque language|Basque]], [[French language|French]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
|[[Basque people]]<ref name="auto3" />|| [[File:Flag of the Basque Country.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Basque language|Basque]], [[زمانی فەڕەنسی|French]], [[زمانی ئیسپانی|Spanish]]
| [[Language isolate]]||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 3,000,000<ref>[[Jeffrey Cole]], ''Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia'' 2011 p.38</ref> || Europe || [[France]] and [[Spain]] || [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque Country]] || [[Basque nationalism]] || See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]].
| [[Language isolate]]||[[مەسیحییەت]] ([[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک]]) || 3,000,000<ref>[[Jeffrey Cole]], ''Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia'' 2011 p.38</ref> || Europe || [[فەڕەنسا]] and [[ئیسپانیا]] || [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque Country]] || [[Basque nationalism]] || See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]].
|-
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|[[Iraqi Turkmen|Iraqi Turkmen people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Iraq Turkmen FrontVEC.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Turkish language]], [[Azerbaijani language]]
|[[تورکمانی عێراق|Iraqi Turkmen people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Iraq Turkmen FrontVEC.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[زمانی تورکی]], [[زمانی ئازەربایجانی]]
| || [[Islam]] || 3,000,000 || Asia || [[Iraq]] || [[Turkmeneli]] || [[Iraqi Turkmen Front]] || Not to be confused with [[Syrian Turkmen]] of [[Latakia]] or Central Asian [[Turkmens]] of [[Turkmenistan]] who share only their ethnonym.<ref>Larry Clark. [https://books.google.com/books?id=RMe7KpwS3KsC&pg=PA11 Turkmen Reference Grammar]. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1998; p. 11. {{ISBN|9783447040198}}</ref>
| || [[ئیسلام]] || 3,000,000 || Asia || [[عێراق]] || [[Turkmeneli]] || [[بەرەی تورکمانی عێراق]] || Not to be confused with [[تورکمانی سووریا]] of [[لازقیە]] or Central Asian [[تورکمان]] of [[تورکمانستان]] who share only their ethnonym.<ref>Larry Clark. [https://books.google.com/books?id=RMe7KpwS3KsC&pg=PA11 Turkmen Reference Grammar]. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1998; p. 11. {{ISBN|9783447040198}}</ref>
|-
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|[[Welsh people]]<ref name="auto3" /> || [[File:Flag of Wales 2.svg|50px|border|center]] ||[[Welsh language|Welsh]], [[Welsh English|English]]
|[[Welsh people]]<ref name="auto3" /> || [[File:Flag of Wales 2.svg|50px|border|center]] ||[[Welsh language|Welsh]], [[Welsh English|English]]
|[[Celtic languages]] || [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]], [[Catholicism|Catholic]] minority) || 3,000,000 || Europe || [[United Kingdom]] || [[Wales]] || [[Welsh independence]], [[Welsh nationalism]], [[Meibion Glyndŵr]], [[Plaid Cymru]] || Regional autonomy in Wales. Historically occupied the independent kingdoms of Wales ([[Gwynedd]], [[Powys]], [[Dyfed]], [[Seisyllwg]], [[Morgannwg]] and [[Kingdom of Gwent|Gwent]]).
|[[Celtic languages]] || [[مەسیحییەت]] ([[پرۆتێستانت]], [[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک|Catholic]] minority) || 3,000,000 || Europe || [[شانشینی یەکگرتوو]] || [[وێڵز]] || [[Welsh independence]], [[Welsh nationalism]], [[Meibion Glyndŵr]], [[Plaid Cymru]] || Regional autonomy in Wales. Historically occupied the independent kingdoms of Wales ([[Gwynedd]], [[Powys]], [[Dyfed]], [[Seisyllwg]], [[Morgannwg]] and [[Kingdom of Gwent|Gwent]]).
|-
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|[[Galician people]]<ref name="auto3" /> || [[File:Bandeira galega civil.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Galician language]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
|[[Galician people]]<ref name="auto3" /> || [[File:Bandeira galega civil.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Galician language]], [[زمانی ئیسپانی|Spanish]]
|[[Romance languages]] ||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 2,800,000 || Europe || [[Spain]] || [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]] || [[Galician nationalism]] and [[Galicianism|Galician Regionalism]]|| See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]]. Historically occupied the [[Kingdom of Galicia]].
|[[زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان]] ||[[مەسیحییەت]] ([[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک]]) || 2,800,000 || Europe || [[ئیسپانیا]] || [[گالیسیا|Galicia]] || [[Galician nationalism]] and [[Galicianism|Galician Regionalism]]|| See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]]. Historically occupied the [[Kingdom of Galicia]].
|-
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|[[Kachin people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Kachin_Independence_Army_flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Jingpo language|Jingpo]], [[Zaiwa language|Zaiwa]], [[Maru language|Maru]], [[Lashi language|Lashi]], [[Azi language|Azi]]
|[[Kachin people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Kachin_Independence_Army_flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Jingpo language|Jingpo]], [[Zaiwa language|Zaiwa]], [[Maru language|Maru]], [[Lashi language|Lashi]], [[Azi language|Azi]]
| || [[Buddhism]], [[Christianity]], [[Animism]] || 2,750,000 (2002)<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z'' 2002 p.870</ref> || Asia || [[Myanmar]] || [[Kachin State]] || [[Kachin Independence Army]], [[Kachin Independence Organisation]], [[Kachin conflict]] || The tribes of [[Kachin Hills]] form the Kachin Nation.
| || [[بودیزم]], [[مەسیحییەت]], [[گیانکییەتی]] || 2,750,000 (2002)<ref>James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z'' 2002 p.870</ref> || Asia || [[میانمار]] || [[ویلایەتی کاشین]] || [[Kachin Independence Army]], [[Kachin Independence Organisation]], [[Kachin conflict]] || The tribes of [[Kachin Hills]] form the Kachin Nation.
|-
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|[[Aragonese people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag_of_Aragon.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Aragonese language]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
|[[Aragonese people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag_of_Aragon.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Aragonese language]], [[زمانی ئیسپانی|Spanish]]
|[[Romance languages]] ||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 2,278,000 (Spain only)<ref name="joshuaproject:Aragonese">{{cite web|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/10397/SP|title=Aragonese in Spain|publisher=joshuaproject.net}}</ref> || Europe || [[Spain]] || [[Aragon]] || [[Aragonese nationalism]]|| See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]]. Historically occupied the [[Kingdom of Aragon]].
|[[زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان]] ||[[مەسیحییەت]] ([[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک]]) || 2,278,000 (Spain only)<ref name="joshuaproject:Aragonese">{{cite web|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/10397/SP|title=Aragonese in Spain|publisher=joshuaproject.net}}</ref> || Europe || [[ئیسپانیا]] || [[Aragon]] || [[Aragonese nationalism]]|| See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]]. Historically occupied the [[Kingdom of Aragon]].
|-
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|[[Meitei people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:In manipur1.gif|50px|border|center]] || [[Meitei language]]
|[[Meitei people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:In manipur1.gif|50px|border|center]] || [[Meitei language]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages]]|| [[Hinduism]] || 2,500,000 || Asia || [[India]] || Imphal Valley, [[Manipur]] || [[United National Liberation Front|UNLF]], [[People's Liberation Army of Manipur|PLA]], [[Insurgency in Manipur]], [[Anglo-Manipur War]] || Historically occupied the [[Manipur (princely state)|Kingdom of Manipur]].
| [[زمانەکانی سینۆ-تبیتی]]|| [[ھیندوویزم]] || 2,500,000 || Asia || [[ھیندستان]] || Imphal Valley, [[Manipur]] || [[United National Liberation Front|UNLF]], [[People's Liberation Army of Manipur|PLA]], [[Insurgency in Manipur]], [[Anglo-Manipur War]] || Historically occupied the [[Manipur (princely state)|Kingdom of Manipur]].
|-
|-
|[[Chechen people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Chechen language]], [[Russian language|Russian]]
|[[Chechen people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[زمانی چیچانی]], [[زمانی ڕووسی|Russian]]
| ||[[Islam]] || 2,000,000 || Europe || [[Russia]] || [[Chechnya]] || [[Second Chechen War|Chechen insurgency]], [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria]] || Regional autonomy in Chechnya.
| ||[[ئیسلام]] || 2,000,000 || Europe || [[ڕووسیا]] || [[چیچان]] || [[Second Chechen War|Chechen insurgency]], [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria]] || Regional autonomy in Chechnya.
|-
|-
|[[Naga people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Unofficial flag of Nagaland.svg|50px|border|center]] || Tibeto-Burman dialects / [[Nagamese creole]]
|[[Naga people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Unofficial flag of Nagaland.svg|50px|border|center]] || Tibeto-Burman dialects / [[Nagamese creole]]
| || [[Christianity]] || 2,000,000 || Asia || [[India]] || [[Nagaland]] || [[Naga National Council]], [[Insurgency in Northeast India]] || Regional autonomy in Nagaland.
| || [[مەسیحییەت]] || 2,000,000 || Asia || [[ھیندستان]] || [[Nagaland]] || [[Naga National Council]], [[Insurgency in Northeast India]] || Regional autonomy in Nagaland.
|-
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|[[Sardinian people]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurominority.org/version/maps/map-nations.asp|title=Eurominority – La solidarité avec le peuple palestinien|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060623193842/http://www.eurominority.org/version/maps/map-nations.asp|archive-date=2006-06-23}}</ref><ref>''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations'', James Minahan, pg. 1661</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Mikael Bodlore-Penlaez|title=Atlas of Stateless Nations in Europe : Minority People in Search of Recognition|year=2011|publisher=Y Lolfa Cyf|isbn=978-1847713797|pages=[https://archive.org/details/atlasofstateless0000unse/page/70 70]|url=https://archive.org/details/atlasofstateless0000unse/page/70}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unionesarda.it/articolo/cronaca/2016/01/11/la_sardegna_nel_club_delle_nazioni_un_capitolo_nella_bibbia_delle-68-456595.html|title=La Sardegna nel club delle nazioni: un capitolo nella Bibbia dell'etnie del mondo – Cronaca – L'Unione Sarda.it|date=11 January 2016|access-date=2 August 2016}}</ref> || [[File:Bandera nacionalista sarda.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Sardinian language|Sardinian]], [[Corsican language#Corsican in Sardinia|Corso-Sardinian]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Ligurian (Romance language)|Ligurian]]
|[[Sardinian people]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurominority.org/version/maps/map-nations.asp|title=Eurominority – La solidarité avec le peuple palestinien|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060623193842/http://www.eurominority.org/version/maps/map-nations.asp|archive-date=2006-06-23}}</ref><ref>''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations'', James Minahan, pg. 1661</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Mikael Bodlore-Penlaez|title=Atlas of Stateless Nations in Europe : Minority People in Search of Recognition|year=2011|publisher=Y Lolfa Cyf|isbn=978-1847713797|pages=[https://archive.org/details/atlasofstateless0000unse/page/70 70]|url=https://archive.org/details/atlasofstateless0000unse/page/70}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unionesarda.it/articolo/cronaca/2016/01/11/la_sardegna_nel_club_delle_nazioni_un_capitolo_nella_bibbia_delle-68-456595.html|title=La Sardegna nel club delle nazioni: un capitolo nella Bibbia dell'etnie del mondo – Cronaca – L'Unione Sarda.it|date=11 January 2016|access-date=2 August 2016}}</ref> || [[File:Bandera nacionalista sarda.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Sardinian language|Sardinian]], [[Corsican language#Corsican in Sardinia|Corso-Sardinian]], [[زمانی ئیتالی|Italian]], [[زمانی کەتەلۆنی|Catalan]], [[Ligurian (Romance language)|Ligurian]]
|[[Romance languages]] || [[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 1,661,521 || Europe || [[Italy]] || [[Sardinia]] || [[Sardinian nationalism]] || National [[devolution]], further autonomy or total secession from Italy.
|[[زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان]] || [[مەسیحییەت]] ([[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک]]) || 1,661,521 || Europe || [[ئیتالیا]] || [[سەردینیا]] || [[Sardinian nationalism]] || National [[devolution]], further autonomy or total secession from Italy.
|-
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|[[Ryukyuan people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || || [[Ryukyuan language|Ryukyuan]], [[Japanese language|Japanese]]
|[[Ryukyuan people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || || [[Ryukyuan language|Ryukyuan]], [[زمانی ژاپۆنی|Japanese]]
| || [[Buddhism]] || 1,600,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcpwindowonjapan.com/2016/05/the-amazing-ryukyu-culture/|title=The Amazing Ryukyu Culture|date=5 May 2016|publisher=kcpwindowonjapan.com|access-date=2016-05-05}}</ref> || Asia || [[Japan]] || [[Ryukyu Islands]] || [[Ryukyu independence movement]] || Historically occupied the [[Ryukyu Kingdom]].
| || [[بودیزم]] || 1,600,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcpwindowonjapan.com/2016/05/the-amazing-ryukyu-culture/|title=The Amazing Ryukyu Culture|date=5 May 2016|publisher=kcpwindowonjapan.com|access-date=2016-05-05}}</ref> || Asia || [[ژاپۆن]] || [[دوورگەکانی ڕیووکیوو]] || [[Ryukyu independence movement]] || Historically occupied the [[Ryukyu Kingdom]].
|-
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|[[Frisians]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Frisia.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Frisian languages|Frisian]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[German language|German]], [[Danish language|Danish]]
|[[Frisians]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Frisia.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Frisian languages|Frisian]], [[زمانی ھۆڵەندی|Dutch]], [[زمانی ئەڵمانی|German]], [[زمانی دانمارکی|Danish]]
| ||[[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]] and [[Roman Catholicism]]) || 1,500,000 || Europe || [[Netherlands]], [[Denmark]], and [[Germany]]||[[Frisia]] || [[Frisian National Party]], [[Groep fan Auwerk]] || The creation of a new Frisian state. Historically occupied the [[Frisian Kingdom]].
| ||[[مەسیحییەت]] ([[پرۆتێستانت]] and [[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک]]) || 1,500,000 || Europe || [[ھۆڵەندا]], [[دانمارک]], and [[ئەڵمانیا]]||[[Frisia]] || [[Frisian National Party]], [[Groep fan Auwerk]] || The creation of a new Frisian state. Historically occupied the [[Frisian Kingdom]].
|-
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|[[Tripuri people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Unofficial flag of Tripura.png|50px|border|center]] || [[Kokborok]]
|[[Tripuri people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Unofficial flag of Tripura.png|50px|border|center]] || [[کۆکبۆرۆک]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages]]|| [[Hinduism]] || 1,520,000 (2002)<ref name="auto2">James Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z'' 2002 p.1915</ref> || Asia || [[India]] || [[Tripura]] || [[Tripuri nationalism]], [[All Tripura Tiger Force]], [[National Liberation Front of Tripura]] || Historically occupied the [[Twipra Kingdom]]. 1949, Tripuris had a population of 85% in Tripura, 2002 they make up 29% and became a minority in their own homeland.<ref name="auto2" />
| [[زمانەکانی سینۆ-تبیتی]]|| [[ھیندوویزم]] || 1,520,000 (2002)<ref name="auto2">James Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z'' 2002 p.1915</ref> || Asia || [[ھیندستان]] || [[Tripura]] || [[Tripuri nationalism]], [[All Tripura Tiger Force]], [[National Liberation Front of Tripura]] || Historically occupied the [[Twipra Kingdom]]. 1949, Tripuris had a population of 85% in Tripura, 2002 they make up 29% and became a minority in their own homeland.<ref name="auto2" />
|-
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|[[Boro people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Bandera Bodoland.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Boro language (India)|Boro]]
|[[Boro people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Bandera Bodoland.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[زمانی بۆدۆ|Boro]]
| [[Sino-Tibetan languages]]|| [[Hinduism]] [[Bathouism]] || 1,300,000 || Asia || [[India]] || [[Bodoland]] || [[Bodo nationalism]], [[National Democratic Front of Bodoland]] || National [[devolution]] or further autonomy from the India.
| [[زمانەکانی سینۆ-تبیتی]]|| [[ھیندوویزم]] [[Bathouism]] || 1,300,000 || Asia || [[ھیندستان]] || [[Bodoland]] || [[Bodo nationalism]], [[National Democratic Front of Bodoland]] || National [[devolution]] or further autonomy from the India.
|-
|-
|[[Tuareg people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:MNLA flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Tuareg language]]
|[[Tuareg people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:MNLA flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Tuareg language]]
| || [[Islam]] || 1,200,000 || Africa || [[Mali]] and [[Niger]] || [[Azawad]] || [[National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad]], [[Tuareg rebellion (2012)]], [[Northern Mali conflict]] || National devolution, further autonomy or total secession from Mali.
| || [[ئیسلام]] || 1,200,000 || Africa || [[مالی]] and [[نیجەر]] || [[Azawad]] || [[National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad]], [[Tuareg rebellion (2012)]], [[Northern Mali conflict]] || National devolution, further autonomy or total secession from Mali.
|-
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|[[Mapuche]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of the Mapuches.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Mapudungun]]
|[[ماپوچە]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of the Mapuches.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[زمانی ماپوچە]]
| || [[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 1,000,000<ref>Christopher Blomquist, ''A Primary Source Guide to Chile'' 2005 p.15</ref> || America || [[Argentina]] and [[Chile]] || [[Araucanía (historic region)|Wallmapu]] || [[Mapuche conflict]] ||
| || [[مەسیحییەت]] ([[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک]]) || 1,000,000<ref>Christopher Blomquist, ''A Primary Source Guide to Chile'' 2005 p.15</ref> || America || [[ئەرژەنتین]] and [[چیلی]] || [[Araucanía (historic region)|Wallmapu]] || [[Mapuche conflict]] ||
|-
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|[[Asturian people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Asturias.svg|50px|border|center]][[File:Andecha Astur.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Asturian language]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
|[[Asturian people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Asturias.svg|50px|border|center]][[File:Andecha Astur.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[زمانی ئاستۆریایی]], [[زمانی ئیسپانی|Spanish]]
|[[Romance languages]] ||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 1,925,000 (2020) || Europe || [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]] || [[Asturias]] || [[Asturian nationalism]] || See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]].
|[[زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان]] ||[[مەسیحییەت]] ([[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک]]) || 1,925,000 (2020) || Europe || [[ئیسپانیا]] and [[پورتوگال]] || [[ئاستۆریاس]] || [[Asturian nationalism]] || See also [[Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain]].
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|[[Lezgins]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Lezgian flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Lezgin language|Lezgian]]
|[[Lezgins]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Lezgian flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Lezgin language|Lezgian]]
| || [[Islam]] || 800,000+ || Europe || [[Russia]], [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Lezgistan]] || [[Lezgistan#Political concept|Lezgin Nationalism]] || Unification of the Lezgin people in Azerbaijan and [[Dagestan]] (Russia).
| || [[ئیسلام]] || 800,000+ || Europe || [[ڕووسیا]], [[ئازەربایجان]] || [[Lezgistan]] || [[Lezgistan#Political concept|Lezgin Nationalism]] || Unification of the Lezgin people in Azerbaijan and [[داغستان]] (Russia).
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|[[Fur people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Darfur.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Fur language|Fur]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]]
|[[Fur people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Darfur.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Fur language|Fur]], [[زمانی عەرەبی|Arabic]]
| || [[Islam]] || 800,000<ref>James Stuart Olson, ''The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary'' 1996 p.183</ref> || Africa || [[Sudan]] || [[Dafur]] || [[War in Darfur]], [[Sudan Liberation Movement/Army|SLM/A]] || Historically occupied the [[Sultanate of Darfur]].
| || [[ئیسلام]] || 800,000<ref>James Stuart Olson, ''The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary'' 1996 p.183</ref> || Africa || [[سوودان]] || [[دارفوور]] || [[War in Darfur]], [[Sudan Liberation Movement/Army|SLM/A]] || Historically occupied the [[Sultanate of Darfur]].
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|[[Māori people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Tino Rangatiratanga Maori sovereignty movement flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Māori language|Māori]], [[New Zealand English|English]]
|[[Māori people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Tino Rangatiratanga Maori sovereignty movement flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[زمانی ماوری|Māori]], [[New Zealand English|English]]
| || [[Christianity]] with native || 750,000 || Oceania || [[New Zealand]]|| [[New Zealand]] || [[Māori protest movement]] ||
| || [[مەسیحییەت]] with native || 750,000 || Oceania || [[نیوزیلاند]]|| [[نیوزیلاند]] || [[Māori protest movement]] ||
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|[[Karakalpaks]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Karakalpakstan.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Karakalpak language]]
|[[Karakalpaks]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Karakalpakstan.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Karakalpak language]]
| || [[Islam]] || 620,000 || Asia || [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Karakalpakstan]] || [[Karakalpakstan#Politics|Karakalpak Nationalism]] || Regional autonomy in [[Karakalpakstan]]
| || [[ئیسلام]] || 620,000 || Asia || [[ئۆزبەکستان]] || [[Karakalpakstan]] || [[Karakalpakstan#Politics|Karakalpak Nationalism]] || Regional autonomy in [[Karakalpakstan]]
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|[[Native Hawaiians|Hawaiian people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Kanaka Maoli flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Hawaiian language]]
|[[Native Hawaiians|Hawaiian people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Kanaka Maoli flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Hawaiian language]]
| || [[Christianity]] ([[Catholicism]] and [[Protestantism]]) with native || 527,000 || Oceania || [[United States]] || [[Hawaii]] || [[Hawaiian sovereignty movement]] || Historically occupied the [[Kingdom of Hawaii]].
| || [[مەسیحییەت]] ([[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک]] and [[پرۆتێستانت]]) with native || 527,000 || Oceania || [[ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا]] || [[ھاوایی]] || [[Hawaiian sovereignty movement]] || Historically occupied the [[Kingdom of Hawaii]].
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|[[Moravians]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Banner_of_arms_of_Moravia.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Czech language|Czech]] ([[Moravian dialects|Moravian]]), [[Slovak language|Slovak]]
|[[Moravians]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Banner_of_arms_of_Moravia.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[زمانی چیکی|Czech]] ([[Moravian dialects|Moravian]]), [[زمانی سلۆڤاکی|Slovak]]
| ||Traditionally [[Roman Catholicism]] presently [[Irreligion]] || 525,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vdb.czso.cz/sldbvo/#!stranka=podle-tematu&tu=30715&th=&v=&vo=H4sIAAAAAAAAAFvzloG1uIhBMCuxLFGvtCQzR88jsTjDN7GAlf3WwcNiCReZGZjcGLhy8hNT3BKTS_KLPBk4SzKKUosz8nNSKgrsHRhAgKecA0gKADF3CQNnaLBrUIBjkKNvcSFDHQMDhhqGCqCiYA__cLCiEgZGvxIGdg9_Fz__EMeCEgY2b38XZ89gIIvLxTHEP8wx2NEFJM4ZHOIY5u_t7-MJ1OIP5IdEBkT5OwU5RgH5IUB9fo4ePq4uEPNYw1yDolzhPstJzEvX88wrSU1PLRJ6tGDJ98Z2CyYGRk8G1rLEnNLUiiIGAYQ6v9LcpNSitjVTZbmnPOhmArq34D8QlDDwAG10C_KFWcoe4ugU6uPtWMLA4eni6hcSEAZ0FYe_k3OQmaGJYwUAIQCAbFsBAAA.&vseuzemi=null&void=|title=Census 2011 – final results}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://portal.statistics.sk/files/tab.11.pdf |title=Statistics|website=portal.statistics.sk}}</ref> || Europe || [[Czech Republic]] and [[Slovakia]] || [[Moravia]] || [[Moravané|Moravians]] || Historically occupied [[Great Moravia]]
| ||Traditionally [[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک]] presently [[بێدینی]] || 525,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vdb.czso.cz/sldbvo/#!stranka=podle-tematu&tu=30715&th=&v=&vo=H4sIAAAAAAAAAFvzloG1uIhBMCuxLFGvtCQzR88jsTjDN7GAlf3WwcNiCReZGZjcGLhy8hNT3BKTS_KLPBk4SzKKUosz8nNSKgrsHRhAgKecA0gKADF3CQNnaLBrUIBjkKNvcSFDHQMDhhqGCqCiYA__cLCiEgZGvxIGdg9_Fz__EMeCEgY2b38XZ89gIIvLxTHEP8wx2NEFJM4ZHOIY5u_t7-MJ1OIP5IdEBkT5OwU5RgH5IUB9fo4ePq4uEPNYw1yDolzhPstJzEvX88wrSU1PLRJ6tGDJ98Z2CyYGRk8G1rLEnNLUiiIGAYQ6v9LcpNSitjVTZbmnPOhmArq34D8QlDDwAG10C_KFWcoe4ugU6uPtWMLA4eni6hcSEAZ0FYe_k3OQmaGJYwUAIQCAbFsBAAA.&vseuzemi=null&void=|title=Census 2011 – final results}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://portal.statistics.sk/files/tab.11.pdf |title=Statistics|website=portal.statistics.sk}}</ref> || Europe || [[کۆماری چیک]] and [[سلۆڤاکیا]] || [[Moravia]] || [[Moravané|Moravians]] || Historically occupied [[Great Moravia]]
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|[[Ogoni people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of the Ogoni people.svg|50 px|border|center]] || [[Ogoni language]]
|[[Ogoni people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of the Ogoni people.svg|50 px|border|center]] || [[Ogoni language]]
| || [[Christianity]] with native || 500,000 || Africa || [[Nigeria]] || [[Ogoniland]] || [[Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People]] ||
| || [[مەسیحییەت]] with native || 500,000 || Africa || [[نێجیریا]] || [[Ogoniland]] || [[Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People]] ||
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|[[Crimean Tatars]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} ||[[File:Flag of the Crimean Tatar people.svg|50px|border|centre]]||[[Crimean Tatar language|Crimean Tatar]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
|[[Crimean Tatars]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} ||[[File:Flag of the Crimean Tatar people.svg|50px|border|centre]]||[[Crimean Tatar language|Crimean Tatar]], [[زمانی ڕووسی|Russian]], [[زمانی ئوکراینی|Ukrainian]]
| ||[[Islam]]|| 500,000 || Europe ||[[Ukraine]]||[[Crimea]]||[[Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People]]<br />[[Republic of Crimea#Crimean Tatars|Tatars in Republic of Crimea]]<br />[[Deportation of the Crimean Tatars]]|| Previously an [[Autonomous Republic of Crimea|autonomous republic within Ukraine]], after being [[Russian military intervention in Ukraine (2014–present)|invaded]] and [[2014 Russian annexation of Crimea|annexed by Russia]] in 2014 the Crimean Tatars are currently seeking autonomy<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-crimea-tatars-idUSBREA2S09320140329|title=Crimean Tatars' want autonomy after Russia's seizure of peninsula|work=Reuters|date=29 March 2014}}</ref>
| ||[[ئیسلام]]|| 500,000 || Europe ||[[ئوکراینا]]||[[کریمیا]]||[[Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People]]<br />[[Republic of Crimea#Crimean Tatars|Tatars in Republic of Crimea]]<br />[[Deportation of the Crimean Tatars]]|| Previously an [[Autonomous Republic of Crimea|autonomous republic within Ukraine]], after being [[شەڕی ڕووسیا و ئۆکرانیا|invaded]] and [[2014 Russian annexation of Crimea|annexed by Russia]] in 2014 the Crimean Tatars are currently seeking autonomy<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-crimea-tatars-idUSBREA2S09320140329|title=Crimean Tatars' want autonomy after Russia's seizure of peninsula|work=Reuters|date=29 March 2014}}</ref>
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|[[Sahrawi people]]<ref>Mariano Aguirre, [http://www.tni.org/archives/act/463 ''Vers la fin du conflit au Sahara occidental, Espoirs de paix en Afrique du Nord Latine''] in: ''Le Monde diplomatique, Novembre 1997''</ref> || [[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Hassaniya Arabic]] (native), [[Berber languages]] (native), [[Modern Standard Arabic]] (written only), and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] ([[lingua franca]])
|[[Sahrawi people]]<ref>Mariano Aguirre, [http://www.tni.org/archives/act/463 ''Vers la fin du conflit au Sahara occidental, Espoirs de paix en Afrique du Nord Latine''] in: ''Le Monde diplomatique, Novembre 1997''</ref> || [[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Hassaniya Arabic]] (native), [[زمانی ئەمازیغی]] (native), [[Modern Standard Arabic]] (written only), and [[زمانی ئیسپانی|Spanish]] ([[لینگوا فرانکا]])
| || [[Islam]] ([[Sunni Islam]] ([[Maliki]]), [[Sufism]]) || 500,000<ref name="unpop">{{cite journal |url=https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf |title=World Population Prospects, Table A.1 |version=2008 revision |publisher=United Nations |author=Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division |year=2009 |access-date=12 March 2009}}</ref> || Africa || [[Morocco]], [[Algeria]], [[Mauretania]] ||[[Western Sahara]] || [[Western Sahara conflict]], [[Polisario Front]], [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] || partially controlled by the self-proclaimed [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] and partially Moroccan-[[occupied territory|occupied]]
| || [[ئیسلام]] ([[سوننە]] ([[مالیکی]]), [[سۆفییایەتی]]) || 500,000<ref name="unpop">{{cite journal |url=https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf |title=World Population Prospects, Table A.1 |version=2008 revision |publisher=United Nations |author=Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division |year=2009 |access-date=12 March 2009}}</ref> || Africa || [[مەغریب]], [[جەزائیر]], [[Mauretania]] ||[[سەحرای ڕۆژاوا]] || [[Western Sahara conflict]], [[Polisario Front]], [[کۆماری دیموکراتیی عەرەبیی سەحرا]] || partially controlled by the self-proclaimed [[کۆماری دیموکراتیی عەرەبیی سەحرا]] and partially Moroccan-[[occupied territory|occupied]]
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|[[Chams]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Bandera Front Alliberament Cham.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Cham language]]
|[[Chams]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Bandera Front Alliberament Cham.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Cham language]]
| || [[Islam]], [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]] || 400,000 || Asia || [[Vietnam]] || [[South Central Coast]] || [[United Front for the Liberation of Oppressed Races]], Cham rights movement<ref>{{cite web|url=https://minorityrights.org/minorities/cham/|title=Cham|website=Minority Rights Group|date=19 June 2015 }}</ref>
| || [[ئیسلام]], [[ھیندوویزم]], [[بودیزم]] || 400,000 || Asia || [[ڤیێتنام]] || [[South Central Coast]] || [[United Front for the Liberation of Oppressed Races]], Cham rights movement<ref>{{cite web|url=https://minorityrights.org/minorities/cham/|title=Cham|website=Minority Rights Group|date=19 June 2015 }}</ref>
|Historically occupied the [[Champa|Kingdom of Champa]]. The Cham in Vietnam are only recognized as a minority, and not as an indigenous people by the Vietnamese government despite being indigenous to the region.
|Historically occupied the [[Champa|Kingdom of Champa]]. The Cham in Vietnam are only recognized as a minority, and not as an indigenous people by the Vietnamese government despite being indigenous to the region.
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|[[Corsican people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} ||[[File:Flag_of_Corsica.svg|border|50px|center]]||[[Corsican language|Corsican]], [[French language|French]], [[Ligurian (Romance language)|Ligurian]], [[Italian language|Italian]]
|[[Corsican people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} ||[[File:Flag_of_Corsica.svg|border|50px|center]]||[[Corsican language|Corsican]], [[زمانی فەڕەنسی|French]], [[Ligurian (Romance language)|Ligurian]], [[زمانی ئیتالی|Italian]]
|[[Romance languages]] ||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]|| 322,120 || Europe ||[[France]]||[[Corsica]]||[[Corsica Libera]]||[[Territorial collectivity]] in France.
|[[زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان]] ||[[مەسیحییەت]] ([[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک]]|| 322,120 || Europe ||[[فەڕەنسا]]||[[کورسیکا]]||[[Corsica Libera]]||[[Territorial collectivity]] in France.
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|[[Navajo people|Navajo]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Navajo flag.svg|center|frameless|50x50px]] || [[Navajo language]], [[Navajo language]], [[Navajo Sign Language]]
|[[Navajo people|Navajo]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Navajo flag.svg|center|frameless|50x50px]] || [[Navajo language]], [[Navajo language]], [[Navajo Sign Language]]
| || Navajo Traditional, [[Christianity]] (principally [[Roman Catholicism]]) || 300,460 || America || [[United States]] || [[Navajo Nation]] || [[Navajo Wars]] || Regional autonomy on the [[Navajo Nation]].
| || Navajo Traditional, [[مەسیحییەت]] (principally [[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک]]) || 300,460 || America || [[ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا]] || [[Navajo Nation]] || [[Navajo Wars]] || Regional autonomy on the [[Navajo Nation]].
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|[[Lakota people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Pine Ridge Flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Lakota language|Lakota]], [[American English|English]]
|[[Lakota people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Pine Ridge Flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Lakota language|Lakota]], [[ئینگلیزیی ئەمریکی|English]]
| || [[Christianity]] with native || 170,000<ref>The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010</ref> || America || [[United States]] || [[Republic of Lakotah|Lakotah]] || [[Sioux Wars]], [[Lakota Freedom Movement]] || [[Indian reservation|Native American reservation]] politics.
| || [[مەسیحییەت]] with native || 170,000<ref>The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010</ref> || America || [[ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا]] || [[Republic of Lakotah|Lakotah]] || [[Sioux Wars]], [[Lakota Freedom Movement]] || [[Indian reservation|Native American reservation]] politics.
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|[[Sami people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Sami flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Sami languages]], [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], [[Swedish language|Swedish]], [[Finnish language|Finnish]], [[Russian language|Russian]]
|[[Sami people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Sami flag.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Sami languages]], [[زمانی نەرویژی|Norwegian]], [[زمانی سوێدی|Swedish]], [[زمانی فینلاندی|Finnish]], [[زمانی ڕووسی|Russian]]
| || [[Christianity]] (principally [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]), [[Animism]]|| Estimated 80,000<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sweden.se/society/sami-in-sweden/ |title=Sámi in Sweden |last=Sámi people |date=14 December 2015 |website=sweden.se}}</ref> || Europe || [[Finland]], [[Norway]], [[Russia]] and [[Sweden]] || [[Sápmi (area)|Sapmi]] || [[Sámi politics]] || Have their own Parliaments in Norway, Sweden & Finland but Sami groups seek more territorial autonomy.
| || [[مەسیحییەت]] (principally [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]), [[گیانکییەتی]]|| Estimated 80,000<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sweden.se/society/sami-in-sweden/ |title=Sámi in Sweden |last=Sámi people |date=14 December 2015 |website=sweden.se}}</ref> || Europe || [[فینلاند]], [[نەرویژ]], [[ڕووسیا]] and [[سوێد]] || [[Sápmi (area)|Sapmi]] || [[Sámi politics]] || Have their own Parliaments in Norway, Sweden & Finland but Sami groups seek more territorial autonomy.
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|[[Inuit]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || || [[Inuit languages]], [[Danish language|Danish]], [[English language|English]], [[Russian language|Russian]]
|[[Inuit]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || || [[Inuit languages]], [[زمانی دانمارکی|Danish]], [[زمانی ئینگلیزی|English]], [[زمانی ڕووسی|Russian]]
| ||[[Christianity]] with native || 135,991 || America || [[Canada]], [[United States]] and [[Denmark]] || [[Alaska]], [[Northern Canada]] and [[Greenland]] || [[2008 Greenlandic self-government referendum|Greenland Referendum]] || Semi-autonomous rule in Greenland with autonomy within the Kingdom of Denmark.
| ||[[مەسیحییەت]] with native || 135,991 || America || [[کەنەدا]], [[ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا]] and [[دانمارک]] || [[ئالاسکا]], [[باکووری کەنەدا]] and [[گرینلەند]] || [[2008 Greenlandic self-government referendum|Greenland Referendum]] || Semi-autonomous rule in Greenland with autonomy within the Kingdom of Denmark.
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|[[Yupik peoples]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || || [[Yupik languages]], [[English language|English]], [[Russian language|Russian]]
|[[Yupik peoples]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || || [[Yupik languages]], [[زمانی ئینگلیزی|English]], [[زمانی ڕووسی|Russian]]
| ||[[Christianity]] with native || 35,567 (est.) || Asia and America || [[Russia]] and the [[United States]] || [[Siberia]] and [[Alaska]] || [[Calista Corporation]], [[Bristol Bay Native Corporation]] ||
| ||[[مەسیحییەت]] with native || 35,567 (est.) || Asia and America || [[ڕووسیا]] and the [[ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا]] || [[سیبیریا]] and [[ئالاسکا]] || [[Calista Corporation]], [[Bristol Bay Native Corporation]] ||
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|[[Pamiris]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of the Pamiris.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Pamir languages]]
|[[Pamiris]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of the Pamiris.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Pamir languages]]
| || [[Islam]] || 135,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2005/0191/analit05.php|title=Итоги переписи населения Таджикистана 2000 года: национальный, возрастной, половой, семейный и образовательный составы|website=www.demoscope.ru|access-date=2018-03-15}}</ref> || Asia || [[Tajikistan]] || [[Badakhshan]] || Pamiri nationalism, [[Lali Badakhshan|Lali Badakhshan party]], [[Tajikistani Civil War]] || Regional autonomy in [[Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region]]
| || [[ئیسلام]] || 135,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2005/0191/analit05.php|title=Итоги переписи населения Таджикистана 2000 года: национальный, возрастной, половой, семейный и образовательный составы|website=www.demoscope.ru|access-date=2018-03-15}}</ref> || Asia || [[تاجیکستان]] || [[Badakhshan]] || Pamiri nationalism, [[Lali Badakhshan|Lali Badakhshan party]], [[Tajikistani Civil War]] || Regional autonomy in [[Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region]]
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|[[Faroese people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Faroese language]], [[Danish language|Danish]]
|[[Faroese people]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Faroese language]], [[زمانی دانمارکی|Danish]]
| ||[[Christianity]] (principally [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]) || 66,000 || Europe || [[Denmark]] || [[Faroe Islands]] || [[Faroese independence movement]] || Regional autonomy in Faroe Islands.
| ||[[مەسیحییەت]] (principally [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]) || 66,000 || Europe || [[دانمارک]] || [[دوورگەکانی فارۆ]] || [[Faroese independence movement]] || Regional autonomy in Faroe Islands.
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|[[Lusatian Sorbs|Sorbs]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Sorbs.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Sorbian languages|Sorbian language]], [[German language|German]]
|[[Lusatian Sorbs|Sorbs]] {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} || [[File:Flag of Sorbs.svg|50px|border|center]] || [[Sorbian languages|Sorbian language]], [[زمانی ئەڵمانی|German]]
| ||[[Christianity]] ([[Roman Catholicism]]) || 60,000–70,000 (est.) || Europe || [[Germany]] || [[Lusatia]] || [[Domowina]] || Divided into [[Upper Sorbian language|Upper Sorbs]] and [[Lower Sorbian language|Lower Sorbs]].
| ||[[مەسیحییەت]] ([[کڵێسای کاتۆلیک]]) || 60,000–70,000 (est.) || Europe || [[ئەڵمانیا]] || [[Lusatia]] || [[Domowina]] || Divided into [[Upper Sorbian language|Upper Sorbs]] and [[Lower Sorbian language|Lower Sorbs]].
|}
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وەک پێداچوونەوەی ‏٠٩:٣٣، ١ی ئازاری ٢٠٢٣

نەتەوەی بێ دەوڵەت ئاماژەیە بۆ گرووپێکی ئەتنیکی یان نەتەوەیەک کە خاوەنی وڵاتی تایبەتی خۆی نییە و لە هیچ وڵاتێکیشدا زۆرینەی ئاپوورەی ئەو وڵاتە پێک ناهێنێت. دەستەواژەی بێ دەوڵەت پیشاندەری ئەوەیە کە ئەو گرووپە "پێویستە وەها وڵاتێکیان هەبێت". ئەندامانی نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان ڕەنگە شارومەندی ئەو وڵاتەی بن کە تیایدا دەژین و هەروەها ڕەنگە لە لایەن حکومەتی ئەو وڵاتەوە مافی شارومەندییان لێ زەوت بکرێ. زۆرینەی نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان لە وەرزشە نێودەوڵەتییەکان و یان ڕێکخراوە نێودەوڵەتییەکاندا وەک ڕێکخراوەی نەتەوە یەکگرتووەکان هیچ نوێنەرێکیان نییە. نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان وەک وڵاتانی جیهانی چوارەم پۆلێنبەندییان بۆ کراوە. هەندێ لە نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان لە درێژەی مێژوودا سەردەمێک حکومەتیان هەبووە و هەندێکی دیکەش هەمیشە لە لایەن وڵاتاتان و نەتەوەکانی دیکەوە داگیر کراون و حکومەتی خۆیانیان نەبووە.

ئەم دەستەواژەیە ساڵی 1983 و لەلایەن زانایەکی زانستە سیاسییەکان بە ناوی ژاکووئێز لیروێز داهێنراوە و یەکەم جار لە کتێبی L'Écosse, une nation sans État لەسەر هەلومەرجی سەیر و سەمەرەی سکۆتلەند لە حکومەتی بەریتانیا، ئاماژەی پێدراوە. دواتر لە لایەن زانا سکۆتلەندییەکان وەک داڤید مەککرۆن، میشائیل کیتینگ و تی ئێم دیڤاین، قبووڵ کرا و لە نووسیندا بوو بە باو.

نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان یان بە چەند وڵاتدا بڵاو بوونەتەوە (بۆ نموونە خەڵکی یاکسانگ لیمبۆ کە دەکەونە ڕۆژهەڵاتی نیپال، سیکیم و دارجیلینگی هیندستان و باکووری ڕۆژئاوای بەنگلادێش کە هەموویان بەشێکن لە نەتەوەی یاکسانگ لیمبۆ؛ و خەڵکی یۆروبا کە دەکەونە وڵاتانی ئەفریقی نێجریا، بێنین و توگۆ) و یان بەشێکن لە ئاپوورەی وڵاتێک یان پارێزگایەک کە دەکەوێتە ژێر دەسەڵاتی حکومەتێکی گەورەتر (وەکوو ئۆیغوورەکانی چین کە نیشتەجێی ناوچەی خودموختاری شینجیانگی ئۆیغوورن). هەندێ لە نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان لە ڕابردوودا وڵاتێکی سەربەخۆیان هەبووە و دواتر لە لایەن حکومەت یان وڵاتێکی دیکەوە داگیر کراون؛ بۆ نموونە ڕاگەیاندنی سەربەخۆیی تبت لە ساڵی 1913ەدا بە فەرمی قبووڵ نەکرا و ساڵی 1951 جارێکی دیکە کۆماری چین ئەو ناوچەیەی داگیر کردەوە و داوای ئەوە دەکات کە تبت بەشێکی جودانەکراوە و حاشاهەڵنەگرە لە وڵاتی چین، لەحاڵێکدا کە حکومەتی تبت لە تاراوگە لەسەر ئەو باوەڕەیە کە تبت وڵاتێکی سەربەخۆیە و ئێستا بە شێوەی نایاسایی داگیر کراوە. [١] [٢] کۆمەڵێک لە گرووپە ئەتنیکییەکان سەردەمێک بێ دەوڵەت بوونە و دواتر بوونەتە دەوڵەت (بۆ نموونە نەتەوەکانی بالکان وەک کرۆڤاتەکان، سیربەکان، بۆسنیاییەکان، سلۆڤێنیەکان، مۆنتەنەگرۆییەکان و مەقدوونییەکان سەردەمێک هەموویان بەشێک بوون لە وڵاتی فرەنەتەوەی یۆگۆسلاڤیا؛ پاش دابەشبوونی یۆگۆسلاڤیا ژمارەیەکی زۆر دەوڵەت-نەتەوەی نوێ دامەزران).

نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان ڕەنگە ئاپوورەیەکی ئێجگار زۆر و گەورەیان هەبێ، بۆ نموونە کوردەکان کە ئاپوورەیان بۆ پتر لە 30 ملیۆن کەس مەزندە دەکرێ و وەک گەورەترین نەتەوەی بێ دەوڵەت پێناسە دەکرێن. [٣] چەندین نەتەوەی بێ دەوڵەت دەتوانن لە یەک ناوچەی جوگرافیایی یان یەک وڵاتدا بژین؛ بۆ نموونە تواریگ، تۆبۆ، ڕفیانز و کابیلە لە باکووری ئەفریقا؛ چاین، کاچاین، کارێن، مۆن، ڕەخینە، ڕۆهینگیا و شان لە میانمار؛ یان گالیکیانز، کانتابریانز، ئەستوریانز، ئارگۆنیز، باسکی، کەتەلانز، ڤالنسیەنز و ئەندەلۆسیەنز لە ئیسپانیا. [٤]

نەتەوە-دەوڵەتەکان و نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان

پێوەندیی پێکەوەژیانی نێوان نەتەوەکان و دەوڵەتەکان سەرەتای ئەورووپای ڕۆژئاوای مودێڕن سەری هەڵدا (سەدەی هەژدەیەم) و دواتر لە ڕێگای داگیرکارییەوە (ئیستیعمار) هەناردەی وڵاتانی دیکەی جیهان کرا. لە حاڵێکدا دەوڵەت-نەتەوەکانی ئەورووپای ڕۆژئاوا ئەوڕۆ خەریکن کۆمەڵێک لە دەسەڵاتەکانیان ڕادەستی یەکێتی ئەورووپا دەکەن، زۆرێک لە وڵاتە داگیرکراوەکانی پێشوو ئێستا پێداگرانە داکۆکی لە چەمکی نەتەوە-دەوڵەت دەکەن. بەم حاڵەشەوە، هەموو خەڵکی وڵاتانی فرەکەلتوور زانیاری تەواویان لەسەر بوونی نەتەوەی بێ دەوڵەت نییە. هەروەها هەموو دەوڵەتەکان دەوڵەتی نەتەوەیی نین، گرووپی ئەتنیکی جۆراوجۆر بوونیان هەیە کە لە وڵاتانی فرە نەتەوەدا دەژین و حەسێبی نەتەوەی بێ دەوڵەتیشیان بۆ ناکرێ.

تەنیا بەشێکی چکۆلەی گرووپە نەتەوەییەکانی جیهان پێوەندییان بە دەوڵەت-نەتەوەوە هەیە. میناهان ئەو ڕێژەیەی سەتا 3 خەمڵاندووە. پاشماوەیان دابەش کراونەتە سەر یەک یان چەند دەوڵەت. ئەگەرچی لە جیهاندا زیاتر لە 3000 نەتەوە بوونی هەیە، ساڵی 2011 تەنیا 193 وڵات ئەندامی نەتەوە یەکگرتووەکان بوون و کەمتر لە 20ی ئەم وڵاتانەش لە بواری ئەتنیکییەوە وەک دەوڵەت-نەتەوەی یەکدەست هەژمار دەکرێن. بۆیە دەوڵەت-نەتەوەکان ئەوەندەش کە بیر دەکەینەوە زۆر و باو نین، و نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان زۆرینەی نەتەوەکانی جیهان دەگرنەوە.

ئەنجام و شوێنهاتەکانی کۆلۆنیالیزم و ئەمپریالیزم

لە سەردەمی ئەمپراتۆرییەتەکان و داگیرکاریدا، نەتەوە بەهێز و دەسەڵاتدارەکان، دەسەڵات و کۆنترۆڵی خۆیانیان بۆ دەرەوەی جوگرافیای خۆیان گواستەوە و زۆرێک لە وڵاتە کۆلۆنیزەکراو یان داگیرکراوەکان چیدی خۆبەڕێوەبەرییان نەمێنێ و وەک نەتەوەی بێ دەوڵەت ئاماژەیان پێ بدرێ. زۆر نەتەوە بوونە قوربانی و نیشتمان و جوگرافیایان لەنێوان چەند وڵاتدا دابەش کرا. تەنانەت ئەوڕۆیش سنوورەکانی سەردەمی داگیرکاری سنوورە نەتەوەییەکان پێک دێنن و ئەمەش زۆر جار لە سنوورە کەلتوورییەکان جودایە. ئەنجامی ئەمەش بۆتە ئەوەیکە لە هەندێ شوین خەڵکێک کە یەک زمانیان هەیە دابەش ببن لە چەند وڵاتدا، بۆ نموونە گینەی نوێ دابەش دەبێتە پاپوای ڕۆژهەڵات (کۆلۆنی پێشووی هۆڵەندا) و پاپوا گینەی نوێ (کۆلۆنی پێشووی بەریتانیا). [٥]

ناسیۆنالیزم و نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان

خەڵکێک کە ڕەچەڵەک و ڕیشە، مێژوو، زمان، کەلتوور، دابونەریت یان ئایینی هاوبەشیان هەیە لە ڕێگای هۆشیاری و بەئاگاهاتنەوەیەکی نەتەوەییەوە دەتوانن ببنە نەتەوەیەک. نەتەوەیەک ئەتوانێ بەبێ دەوڵەت بوونی هەبێ هەر بەو چەشنەی نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان نموونەی ئەم دیاردەیەن. شارومەندی هەمیشە پیشاندەری نەتەوەی تاکێک نییە. لە وڵاتانی فرەنەتەوەدا، شوناس و نەتەوەی جۆراوجۆر دەتوانن پێکەوە بژین یان ڕکابەریی یەک بکەن؛ بۆ نموونە لە ناسیۆنالیزمی ئینگلیزیی بەریتانیادا، ناسیۆنالیزمی سکۆتلەندی و ناسیۆنالیزمی وێڵزی بوونیان هەیە و ناسیۆنالیزمی بریتانی ڕایگرتوون.

یەکڕیزی لە بەرامبەر جوداییخوازیدا

داواکانی نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان و گرووپە ئەتنیکە خودموختارەکان

لە درێژەدا لیستێک لە گرووپە ئەتنیکی و نەتەوەییەکان دەبینن کە بەپێی وتارە سەربەخۆکانی ویکی پێدیا بزووتنەوە و خەباتی سەربەخۆییخوازانەی بەرچاویان تێدا هەبووە.

نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکانی پێشوو

هەندێ لە نەتەوە بێ دەوڵەتەکان سەربەخۆیی خۆیانیان بەدەستهێناوە. بۆ نموونە یۆنانییەکان پێش شەڕی سەربەخۆیی یۆنان، و خەڵکی ئایڕلەند پێش شەڕی سەربەخۆیی ئیڕلەند و بەنگالییەکان پێش شەڕی ئازادیی بەنگلادیش.

تا پێش ڕاگەیاندرانی سەربەخۆیی ئیسرائیل، جوولەکەکانیش وەک نەتەوەی بێ دەوڵەت ئاماژەیان بۆ دەکرا، ئەگەرچی کۆمەڵێکیش لەسەر ئەو باوەڕەن کە گرووپە جۆراوجۆرەکانی جوولەکەکان تایبەتمەندیی زۆر جیاوازیان هەیە وەک جیاوازبوونی زمان، کەلتوور، هەرێم و ئەمەش گومان و پرسیار دەخاتە سەر ئەوەیکە جوولەکەکان نەتەوەیەکی یەکدەست و یەکڕیز بن.

لە درێژەی ڕووخان و دابەشبوونی یەکێتی سۆڤیەت و ڕووخان و دابەشبوونی یۆگۆسلاڤیا چەندین گرووپی ئەتنیکی وڵاتی سەربەخۆی خۆیانیان پێکهێنا.

Claims of stateless nations and ethnic groups with autonomous status

داڕێژە:Original research section


The following is a list of ethnic and national groups where there exist notable independence movements as evidenced by standalone Wikipedia articles.

States made bold under the "homeland" column are countries of the respective ethnic groups which are native to them and still host the majority (more than half) of their population.

People Flag Languages Language family[ئ] Predominant religion Population Continent States Homeland[ا] Irredentist movement Notes
کورد[٦]
زمانی کوردی, (originally) زمانی عەرەبی, Turkish, Persian (assimilation) زمانە ئێرانییەکان ئیسلام (Sunni, Shia, Alevi), ئایینی زەردەشتی, یارسان, یەزدانێت 30,000,000–45,000,000[٧][٨] Asia تورکیا, ئێران, عێراق, سووریا (homeland), ئەڵمانیا (largest diaspora) کوردستان کوردایەتی, سەربزێوییەکانی کورد لە تورکیا, سەربەخۆییخوازیی کوردان لە ئێران, تێکھەڵچوونی نێوان عێراق و کوردەکان, and شۆڕشی ڕۆژاوای کوردستان, ڕێفراندۆمی سەربەخۆییی باشووری کوردستان (٢٠١٧) Regional autonomy achieved in باشووری کوردستان and خۆبەڕێوەبەریی باکوور و ڕۆژھەڵاتی سووریا.[٩] Data rough due to censuses not taking ethnicity in homeland countries.
Yoruba people[٦]
زمانی یۆروبا Volta-Congo languages مەسیحییەت, ئیسلام, Yoruba religion 35,000,000[١٠][١١] Africa نێجیریا, بێنین and تۆگۆ, گانا Yorubaland Oodua Peoples Congress
Oromo people[١٢]
Oromo Cushitic languages مەسیحی, موسڵمان, Waaqeffanna 35,000,000 Africa ئیتیۆپیا, کینیا ناوچەی ئۆرۆمیا Oromo conflict
Igbo people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Igbo, English Volta-Congo languages مەسیحییەت (primarily کڵێسای کاتۆلیک with significant پرۆتێستانت minorities), Indigenous beliefs 30,000,000[١٣] Africa نێجیریا (almost exclusively) Igboland Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra, Indigenous People of Biafra Attempted secession from نێجیریا in 1967 sparked the Nigerian Civil war
Occitan people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Occitan, French, Italian, Spanish زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان کڵێسای کاتۆلیک 16,000,000 Europe فەڕەنسا, مۆناکۆ, ئیتالیا and ئیسپانیا (Val d'Aran) ئوکسیتانیا Occitan nationalism (Occitan Party, Partit de la Nacion Occitana, Libertat) Seek self-determination, greater autonomy or total secession from فەڕەنسا.
Assamese people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
زمانی ئاسامی Indo-Aryan languages ھیندوویزم 15,000,000[١٤] Asia ھیندستان Assam Assam separatist movements, ULFA Insurgency in Northeast India Seeks greater regional autonomy for natives of Assam or total secession from ھیندستان.[١٥]
ئۆیغوور[ژێدەر پێویستە]
زمانی ئۆیغووری زمانە تورکییەکان Sunni Islam 15,000,000[١٦] Asia چین, کازاخستان, ئۆزبەکستان تورکستانی ڕۆژھەڵات (Uyghuristan) Irredentism is politically fragmented (East Turkestan Liberation Organization, East Turkestan independence movement) Limited autonomy in the شینجیانگ.
Palestinians[١٧]
Arabic, Hebrew زمانە سامییەکان Sunni Islam (majority), مەسیحییەت 5,242,679[١٨] Asia دەوڵەتی فەلەستین, ئوردن, ئیسرائیل, سووریا, لوبنان Palestine Palestinian nationalism (ڕێکخراوی ڕزگاریخوازی فەلەستین) Seek self-determination from occupying powers.[ب]
Sikhs
زمانی پەنجابی Indo‐Aryan languages سیکیزم 30,000,000 Asia ھیندستان ناوچەی پەنجاب Khalistan Movement Seek self-determination, greater autonomy or total secession from ھیندستان.
Zulu people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
زمانی زوولوو Volta-Congo languages مەسیحییەت, Zulu religion 12,159,000 Africa ئەفریقای باشوور, لیسۆتۆ, زیمبابوی, ئێسواتینی KwaZulu-Natal Inkatha Freedom Party Limited autonomy in the KwaZulu-Natal region, which maintains a traditional Zulu king.
Kongo people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Kongo language, Lingala, Portuguese, French Volta-Congo languages مەسیحییەت (کڵێسای کاتۆلیک and پرۆتێستانت), African Traditional Religion 10,000,000 Africa کۆماری دیموکراتیی کۆنگۆ, کۆماری کۆنگۆ, ئەنگۆلا Kongo Kongo nationalism, Bundu dia Kongo Historically occupied the independent Kingdom of Kongo.
بەلۆچەکان[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Balochi زمانە ئێرانییەکان سوننە 10,000,000[٢٠] Asia پاکستان, ئێران, ئەفغانستان(homeland), UAE (diaspora) بەلۆچستان Balochistan conflict, Baloch nationalism Seeks total independence from Pakistan.
Kabyle people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Kabyle language, Algerian Arabic زمانی ئەمازیغی ئیسلام 4,000,000[٢١] Africa جەزائیر Kabylie Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylie, Provisional Government of Kabylia
Ahwazi Arabs[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Arabic, Persian (assimilation) زمانە سامییەکان شیعە 1,320,000[٢٢] Asia ئێران Al Ahwaz Arab separatism in Khuzestan Democratic Solidarity Party of Ahwaz Ahwazi includes 30 tribes which see themselves as a distinct Arab nation.[٢٣] Seek self-determination, greater autonomy or total secession from ئێران.
Andalusians[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Andalusian Spanish, English (in گیبرالتار) زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان مەسیحییەت (کڵێسای کاتۆلیک) 9,500,000 Europe ئیسپانیا, گیبرالتار Andalusia Andalusian nationalism See also Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain.
پۆرتۆ ڕیکۆ[٢٤]
Spanish, English زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان مەسیحییەت (primarily کڵێسای کاتۆلیک) 9,000,000 America ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا پۆرتۆ ڕیکۆ Puerto Rican Nationalist Party, Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña, Boricua Popular Army, Puerto Rican Independence Party Unincorporated territory of the United States.
Catalans[٢٥][٢٦]
Catalan, Spanish, Occitan, French, Italian زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان کڵێسای کاتۆلیک, نەزانینخوازی 8,500,000[٢٧] Europe ئیسپانیا, ئیتالیا, ئەندۆرا and فەڕەنسا Catalan Countries Catalan independence movement, Catalan nationalism See also Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain.
Québécois[٢٨]
French زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان مەسیحییەت (کڵێسای کاتۆلیک) 8,215,000 America کەنەدا کێبێک Quebec sovereignty movement, Quebec nationalism The total population of the Province of Quebec is 8.2 million, of which over 80% are French speakers.
خەڵکی مۆن[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Mon language Monic languages بودیزم 8,145,500 Asia میانمار, تایلەند ویلایەتی مۆن Mon Nationalism, Mon National Party, All Mon Region Democracy Party Historically occupied the Mon kingdoms
چەرکەس[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Circassian language, Russian Circassian languages ئیسلام 5,000,000 Europe ڕووسیا Circassia Russo-Circassian War, Circassian nationalism Majority of the Circassians were destroyed by Russia in the Circassian genocide[٢٩]
Karen people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
S'gaw Karen language Karenic languages مەسیحییەت, تراڤادا 7,000,000 Asia میانمار, تایلەند Kawthoolei Karen nationalism, Karen National Union, Karen National Liberation Army
Maya peoples[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Mayan languages Mayan languages مەسیحییەت (کڵێسای کاتۆلیک), Maya religion 7,000,000 America گواتیمالا, مەکسیک, بەلیز, ھۆندووراس, ئێلسالڤادۆر Mesoamerica Pan-Maya movement, ڕیگۆبەرتا مەنچو, Zapatista Army of National Liberation Historically occupied the شارستانیەتیی مایا
ڤێنیتۆ[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Venetian language زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان کڵێسای کاتۆلیک 5,000,000 (est.) Europe ئیتالیا ڤێنیتۆ Venetian nationalism Many groups seek for total independence from Italy, while some just want more autonomy and recognition of Venetian language and people. Historically occupied the independent Republic of Venice.
Tibetan people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Tibetan language, زمانی چینی زمانەکانی سینۆ-تبیتی بودیزم 7,000,000[٣٠] Asia چین, ھیندستان, نیپال تبت Tibetan independence movement Limited autonomy in the ھەرێمی ئۆتۆنۆمیی تبت. Historically occupied the Tibetan Empire.
Indian Gorkhas[ژێدەر پێویستە]
زمانی نیپاڵی Indo-Aryan languages ھیندوویزم 6,364,759[٣١] Asia ھیندستان Gorkhastan Gorkha National Liberation Front, Gorkha Janmukti Morcha Gorkhaland is a proposed state in India demanded by the people of the Darjeeling Hills and the people of Gorkha ethnic origin on the Northern part of بەنگالی ڕۆژاوا.
Riffian people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Riffian language, زمانی عەرەبی Afroasiatic ئیسلام 6,000,000[٣٢] Africa مەغریب and ئیسپانیا Rif Rif War, Rif Republic 95% of the land is controlled by مەغریب with the rest being controlled by the Spanish territories of Ceuta and Melilla as autonomous cities.
Shan people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Shan language, Thai Kra-Dai بودیزم 6,000,000 Asia میانمار ویلایەتی شان Shan State Army, Declaration of independence in 2005; see also Hso Khan Pha Historically occupied the Shan states.
Kashmiri people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
زمانی کەشمیری Indo-Aryan languages ئیسلام 5,600,000 Asia ھیندستان, پاکستان and چین کەشمیر Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir Administered by India (Kashmir Valley, Jammu, Ladakh), Pakistan (ئازاد کەشمیر, Gilgit-Baltistan) and China (Aksai Chin).
Valencians[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Catalan, Spanish زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان کڵێسای کاتۆلیک[٣٣] 5,111,706 Europe ئیسپانیا Valencian Community Valencian nationalism See also Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain.
Moro people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Filipino language, other Philippine languages ئیسلام 5,100,000 Asia فلیپین Muslim Mindanao Moro ئۆتۆنۆمی The Moro people of Muslim Mindanao has since been granted autonomy as the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region with the adoption of the Bangsamoro Organic Law.
Kuki-Mizo-Zo-Chin people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Kuki-Chin languages مەسیحییەت 5,000,000 Asia میانمار, بەنگلادێش, ھیندستان Mizoram, Zogam and ویلایەتی چین (میانمار) Mizo National Front, Chin National Front, Kuki National Army, Zomi Revolutionary Army, Zomi nationalism Kuki-Mizo-Zo-Chin are an ethnic group known by different names and speak different dialects.
Scottish people[٢٨][٢٦]
گادێلیی سکۆتی, Scots, English Celtic languages مەسیحییەت (پرۆتێستانت, Catholic minority) 5,000,000 (only Scotland)[٣٤] Europe شانشینی یەکگرتوو سکۆتلاند Scottish independence Formerly a دەوڵەتی سەروەر, Regional autonomy in سکۆتلاند.
Sicilians[٣٥]
Sicilian, Italian, Gallo-Italic of Sicily, Arbëresh زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان مەسیحییەت (کڵێسای کاتۆلیک) 5,000,000 (only Sicily) Europe ئیتالیا سیسیلیا Sicilian nationalism Regional autonomy in Sicily.
Hmong people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Hmong language بودیزم with native 4,000,000 Asia لاوس, چین, ڤیێتنام and تایلەند Hmong ChaoFa Federated State Insurgency in Laos
خەڵکی ڕۆھینگیا[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Rohingya language ئیسلام 3,600,000 Asia میانمار Rohang State Rohingya conflict The Rohingyas are not recognized as a native ethnic group by Burmese government.[٣٦]
Afrikaners[ژێدەر پێویستە]
ئەفریقایی مەسیحییەت (mainly پرۆتێستانت) 3,500,000 Africa ئەفریقای باشوور and نامیبیا Volkstaat Afrikaner Nationalism, Freedom Front Afrikaners are an Ethno-racial group. Demand autonomy or total secession from South Africa.
Assyrians[٣٧]
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, Turoyo, Chaldean Neo-Aramaic زمانە سامییەکان مەسیحییەت (کڵێسای کاسۆلیکی کلدانی Syriac Christianity) 3,300,000[٣٨] Asia سووریا, عێراق, ئێران and تورکیا Assyria, Beth Nahrain (مێزۆپۆتامیا) Assyrian nationalism, Assyrian independence movement Historically occupied the Assyrian empire.
Basque people[٢٦]
Basque, French, Spanish Language isolate مەسیحییەت (کڵێسای کاتۆلیک) 3,000,000[٣٩] Europe فەڕەنسا and ئیسپانیا Basque Country Basque nationalism See also Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain.
Iraqi Turkmen people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
زمانی تورکی, زمانی ئازەربایجانی ئیسلام 3,000,000 Asia عێراق Turkmeneli بەرەی تورکمانی عێراق Not to be confused with تورکمانی سووریا of لازقیە or Central Asian تورکمان of تورکمانستان who share only their ethnonym.[٤٠]
Welsh people[٢٦]
Welsh, English Celtic languages مەسیحییەت (پرۆتێستانت, Catholic minority) 3,000,000 Europe شانشینی یەکگرتوو وێڵز Welsh independence, Welsh nationalism, Meibion Glyndŵr, Plaid Cymru Regional autonomy in Wales. Historically occupied the independent kingdoms of Wales (Gwynedd, Powys, Dyfed, Seisyllwg, Morgannwg and Gwent).
Galician people[٢٦]
Galician language, Spanish زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان مەسیحییەت (کڵێسای کاتۆلیک) 2,800,000 Europe ئیسپانیا Galicia Galician nationalism and Galician Regionalism See also Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain. Historically occupied the Kingdom of Galicia.
Kachin people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Jingpo, Zaiwa, Maru, Lashi, Azi بودیزم, مەسیحییەت, گیانکییەتی 2,750,000 (2002)[٤١] Asia میانمار ویلایەتی کاشین Kachin Independence Army, Kachin Independence Organisation, Kachin conflict The tribes of Kachin Hills form the Kachin Nation.
Aragonese people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Aragonese language, Spanish زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان مەسیحییەت (کڵێسای کاتۆلیک) 2,278,000 (Spain only)[٤٢] Europe ئیسپانیا Aragon Aragonese nationalism See also Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain. Historically occupied the Kingdom of Aragon.
Meitei people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Meitei language زمانەکانی سینۆ-تبیتی ھیندوویزم 2,500,000 Asia ھیندستان Imphal Valley, Manipur UNLF, PLA, Insurgency in Manipur, Anglo-Manipur War Historically occupied the Kingdom of Manipur.
Chechen people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
زمانی چیچانی, Russian ئیسلام 2,000,000 Europe ڕووسیا چیچان Chechen insurgency, Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Regional autonomy in Chechnya.
Naga people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Tibeto-Burman dialects / Nagamese creole مەسیحییەت 2,000,000 Asia ھیندستان Nagaland Naga National Council, Insurgency in Northeast India Regional autonomy in Nagaland.
Sardinian people[٤٣][٤٤][٤٥][٤٦]
Sardinian, Corso-Sardinian, Italian, Catalan, Ligurian زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان مەسیحییەت (کڵێسای کاتۆلیک) 1,661,521 Europe ئیتالیا سەردینیا Sardinian nationalism National devolution, further autonomy or total secession from Italy.
Ryukyuan people[ژێدەر پێویستە] Ryukyuan, Japanese بودیزم 1,600,000[٤٧] Asia ژاپۆن دوورگەکانی ڕیووکیوو Ryukyu independence movement Historically occupied the Ryukyu Kingdom.
Frisians[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Frisian, Dutch, German, Danish مەسیحییەت (پرۆتێستانت and کڵێسای کاتۆلیک) 1,500,000 Europe ھۆڵەندا, دانمارک, and ئەڵمانیا Frisia Frisian National Party, Groep fan Auwerk The creation of a new Frisian state. Historically occupied the Frisian Kingdom.
Tripuri people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
کۆکبۆرۆک زمانەکانی سینۆ-تبیتی ھیندوویزم 1,520,000 (2002)[٤٨] Asia ھیندستان Tripura Tripuri nationalism, All Tripura Tiger Force, National Liberation Front of Tripura Historically occupied the Twipra Kingdom. 1949, Tripuris had a population of 85% in Tripura, 2002 they make up 29% and became a minority in their own homeland.[٤٨]
Boro people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Boro زمانەکانی سینۆ-تبیتی ھیندوویزم Bathouism 1,300,000 Asia ھیندستان Bodoland Bodo nationalism, National Democratic Front of Bodoland National devolution or further autonomy from the India.
Tuareg people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Tuareg language ئیسلام 1,200,000 Africa مالی and نیجەر Azawad National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad, Tuareg rebellion (2012), Northern Mali conflict National devolution, further autonomy or total secession from Mali.
ماپوچە[ژێدەر پێویستە]
زمانی ماپوچە مەسیحییەت (کڵێسای کاتۆلیک) 1,000,000[٤٩] America ئەرژەنتین and چیلی Wallmapu Mapuche conflict
Asturian people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
زمانی ئاستۆریایی, Spanish زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان مەسیحییەت (کڵێسای کاتۆلیک) 1,925,000 (2020) Europe ئیسپانیا and پورتوگال ئاستۆریاس Asturian nationalism See also Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain.
Lezgins[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Lezgian ئیسلام 800,000+ Europe ڕووسیا, ئازەربایجان Lezgistan Lezgin Nationalism Unification of the Lezgin people in Azerbaijan and داغستان (Russia).
Fur people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Fur, Arabic ئیسلام 800,000[٥٠] Africa سوودان دارفوور War in Darfur, SLM/A Historically occupied the Sultanate of Darfur.
Māori people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Māori, English مەسیحییەت with native 750,000 Oceania نیوزیلاند نیوزیلاند Māori protest movement
Karakalpaks[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Karakalpak language ئیسلام 620,000 Asia ئۆزبەکستان Karakalpakstan Karakalpak Nationalism Regional autonomy in Karakalpakstan
Hawaiian people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Hawaiian language مەسیحییەت (کڵێسای کاتۆلیک and پرۆتێستانت) with native 527,000 Oceania ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا ھاوایی Hawaiian sovereignty movement Historically occupied the Kingdom of Hawaii.
Moravians[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Czech (Moravian), Slovak Traditionally کڵێسای کاتۆلیک presently بێدینی 525,000[٥١][٥٢] Europe کۆماری چیک and سلۆڤاکیا Moravia Moravians Historically occupied Great Moravia
Ogoni people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Ogoni language مەسیحییەت with native 500,000 Africa نێجیریا Ogoniland Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People
Crimean Tatars[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Crimean Tatar, Russian, Ukrainian ئیسلام 500,000 Europe ئوکراینا کریمیا Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People
Tatars in Republic of Crimea
Deportation of the Crimean Tatars
Previously an autonomous republic within Ukraine, after being invaded and annexed by Russia in 2014 the Crimean Tatars are currently seeking autonomy[٥٣]
Sahrawi people[٥٤]
Hassaniya Arabic (native), زمانی ئەمازیغی (native), Modern Standard Arabic (written only), and Spanish (لینگوا فرانکا) ئیسلام (سوننە (مالیکی), سۆفییایەتی) 500,000[٥٥] Africa مەغریب, جەزائیر, Mauretania سەحرای ڕۆژاوا Western Sahara conflict, Polisario Front, کۆماری دیموکراتیی عەرەبیی سەحرا partially controlled by the self-proclaimed کۆماری دیموکراتیی عەرەبیی سەحرا and partially Moroccan-occupied
Chams[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Cham language ئیسلام, ھیندوویزم, بودیزم 400,000 Asia ڤیێتنام South Central Coast United Front for the Liberation of Oppressed Races, Cham rights movement[٥٦] Historically occupied the Kingdom of Champa. The Cham in Vietnam are only recognized as a minority, and not as an indigenous people by the Vietnamese government despite being indigenous to the region.
Corsican people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Corsican, French, Ligurian, Italian زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان مەسیحییەت (کڵێسای کاتۆلیک 322,120 Europe فەڕەنسا کورسیکا Corsica Libera Territorial collectivity in France.
Navajo[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Navajo language, Navajo language, Navajo Sign Language Navajo Traditional, مەسیحییەت (principally کڵێسای کاتۆلیک) 300,460 America ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا Navajo Nation Navajo Wars Regional autonomy on the Navajo Nation.
Lakota people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Lakota, English مەسیحییەت with native 170,000[٥٧] America ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا Lakotah Sioux Wars, Lakota Freedom Movement Native American reservation politics.
Sami people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Sami languages, Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish, Russian مەسیحییەت (principally Lutheran), گیانکییەتی Estimated 80,000[٥٨] Europe فینلاند, نەرویژ, ڕووسیا and سوێد Sapmi Sámi politics Have their own Parliaments in Norway, Sweden & Finland but Sami groups seek more territorial autonomy.
Inuit[ژێدەر پێویستە] Inuit languages, Danish, English, Russian مەسیحییەت with native 135,991 America کەنەدا, ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا and دانمارک ئالاسکا, باکووری کەنەدا and گرینلەند Greenland Referendum Semi-autonomous rule in Greenland with autonomy within the Kingdom of Denmark.
Yupik peoples[ژێدەر پێویستە] Yupik languages, English, Russian مەسیحییەت with native 35,567 (est.) Asia and America ڕووسیا and the ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا سیبیریا and ئالاسکا Calista Corporation, Bristol Bay Native Corporation
Pamiris[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Pamir languages ئیسلام 135,000[٥٩] Asia تاجیکستان Badakhshan Pamiri nationalism, Lali Badakhshan party, Tajikistani Civil War Regional autonomy in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region
Faroese people[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Faroese language, Danish مەسیحییەت (principally Lutheran) 66,000 Europe دانمارک دوورگەکانی فارۆ Faroese independence movement Regional autonomy in Faroe Islands.
Sorbs[ژێدەر پێویستە]
Sorbian language, German مەسیحییەت (کڵێسای کاتۆلیک) 60,000–70,000 (est.) Europe ئەڵمانیا Lusatia Domowina Divided into Upper Sorbs and Lower Sorbs.

ئەمانەش ببینن

یاداشتەکان

سەرچاوەکان

سەرچاوەکان

بەستەرە دەرەکییەکان

  1. ^ Clark, Gregory, In fear of China, 1969, saying: "Tibet, although enjoying independence at certain periods of its history, had never been recognised by any single foreign power as an independent state. The closest it has ever come to such recognition was the British formula of 1943: suzerainty, combined with autonomy and the right to enter into diplomatic relations."
  2. ^ "The Legal Status of Tibet". Cultural Survival.
  3. ^ https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/who-are-the-kurds--17915
  4. ^ Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, pp. 59–60, 79–80, 366–367
  5. ^ Richard Devetak, Christopher W. Hughes, Routledge, 2007-12-18, The Globalization of Political Violence: Globalization's Shadow
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  11. ^ John A. Shoup III, Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia 2011 p.237
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  24. ^ Duany 2008, p. 8: Public and academic debates about whether Puerto Rico has its own national identity have always been fraught with strong political repercussions because of the Island's colonial relations, first with Spain and now with the United States. For decades, the main conceptual and political paradox in the construction of cultural identities in Puerto Rico has been the growing popularity of cultural nationalism, together with the weakness of the local movement to establish a separate nation-state. Culturally speaking, Puerto Rico now meets most of the objective and subjective characteristics of conventional views of the nation, among them a shared language, territory, and history. The Island also possesses many of the symbolic attributes of a nation, such as a national system of universities, museums, and other cultural institutions; a national tradition in literature and the visual arts; and even a national representation in international sports and beauty contests. Most important, the vast majority of Puerto Ricans imagine themselves as distinct from Americans as well as from other Latin American and Caribbean peoples (Morris 1997).
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